Phyteuma spicatum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Campanulaceae
Subfamilia: Campanuloideae
Genus: Phyteuma
Species: Phyteuma spicatum
Name

Phyteuma spicatum L., Sp. Pl.: 171 (1753)

Type species:

Synonyms

Homotypic
Rapunculus spicatus (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n. 1 (1768)
Heterotypic
Phyteuma rapunculus Pers., Syst. Veg. ed 15: 220 (1797)
Phyteuma spicatum var. coeruleum Hegetschw., Reis. Glarus Graubünden: 149 (1825)
Phyteuma spicatum var. bracteatum A.DC., Monogr. Campan.: 198 (1830)
Phyteuma elongatum Hegetschw., Fl. Schweiz: 227 (1839)
Phyteuma spicatum var. halleri Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 331 (1841)
Phyteuma angustifolium Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 2: 874 (1846)
Phyteuma spicatum var. coeruleum Gren. & Godr., Fl. Fr. 2: 403 (1853), nom. illeg.
Phyteuma spicatum var. coeruleum Gremli, Excursionsfl. Schweiz, ed. 4: 291 (1881), nom. illeg.
Rapunculus ovatus Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 26 (1899)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 79 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum subsp. betonicoides Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum var. bracteatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum var. brevibracteatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum subsp. cordifolium Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum var. ebracteatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum f. glabrescens Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum f. glabriusculum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum f. glabrum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum f. hirsutum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum var. involucratum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum f. nudum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum f. pilosiusculum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum f. pilosum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma pyrenaicum f. pubescens Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 82 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum var. alpinum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 68 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. bicrenatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum var. bracteatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904), nom. illeg.
Phyteuma spicatum subvar. brevibracteatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 68 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. cordatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 68 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. crenatoserratum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. crenatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. divaricatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 68 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. ebracteatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 68 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. fissum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum var. glabrum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 68 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. grossidentatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. incisum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. involucratum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 68 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum subsp. jurassicum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum subvar. longibracteatum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. macrodon Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum subvar. macrophyllum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum f. microdon Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum subvar. microphyllum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum subsp. occidentale Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum var. pilosum Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 68 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum var. vulgare Rich.Schulz, Monogr. Phyteuma: 67 (1904)
Rapunculus albidus E.H.L.Krause in J.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 2, 12: 273 (1904)
Phyteuma spicatum subvar. ambigens Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 85 (1908)
Phyteuma spicatum subvar. coeruleum (Gren. & Godr.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 85 (1908)
Phyteuma coeruleum Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Fl. Tirol 6(3): 461 (1912)
Phyteuma ambigens (Rouy) Prain, Index Kew., Suppl. 4: 180 (1913)
Phyteuma spicatum var. jurassicum (Rich.Schulz) Hayek & Hegi in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 6: 373 (1917)
Phyteuma bracteatum Losa, Bol. Soc. Ibér. Ci. Nat. 29: 98 (1930)
Phyteuma abelis Sennen, Diagn. Nouv.: 22 (1936)
Phyteuma spicatum var. roseum Degen & P. Rossi, Fl. Veleb. 3: 107 (1938)
Phyteuma spicatum var. pseudohalleri Font Quer ex O.Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 102 (1983)
Phyteuma spicatum var. pyrenaicum (Rich.Schulz) O.Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 102 (1983), without exact basionym page.
Phyteuma occidentale(Rich.Schulz) G.H.Loos, Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 126 (2010)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Europe
Northern Europe
Denmark, Great Britain, Norway.
Middle Europe
Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
Southwestern Europe
France, Spain.
Southeastern Europe
Albania, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia.
Eastern Europe
Belarus, Baltic States, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 171. Reference page.

Additional references

Bundesanstalt für Naturschutz FloraWeb [1]

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Phyteuma spicatum in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 July 28. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Phyteuma spicatum in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 July 28. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Phyteuma spicatum. Published online. Accessed: 28 July 2019.
The Plant List 2013. Phyteuma spicatum in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 July 28.
Tropicos.org 2019. Phyteuma spicatum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 July 28.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Кольнік коласападобны
čeština: zvonečník klasnatý
Cymraeg: Cyrnogyn pigfain
dansk: Aks-Rapunsel
Deutsch: Ährige Teufelskralle
English: spiked rampion
eesti: Tähk-rapuntsel
suomi: Vaaleatähkämunkki
français: Raiponce en épi
magyar: Erdei varjúköröm
lietuvių: Varpotoji glaudenė
norsk bokmål: Vadderot
Nederlands: Witte Rapunzel
polski: Zerwa kłosowa
русский: Кольник колосистый
slovenčina: zerva klasnatá
svenska: Vitrapunkel
українська: Фітеума колосиста

Phyteuma spicatum, the spiked rampion,[1] is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Campanulaceae. It is common across much of Europe. Its common names include raiponce en épi (French), ährige Teufelskralle (German), ährige Rapunzel (Swiss German), and Raponzolo giallo (Italian).[2]

Found in diverse types of forest, especially broadleaf beech forests, but also coniferous forests, as well as prairies, along forest roads, in logging clearings.[2]
Cooking young spiked rampion flowers

The leaves, roots, and flowers are edible, and can be eaten raw.[3][4] Flowers before blooming can for instance be prepared by steaming or boiling briefly, then seasoned (see photo).

Distribution

Global: GBIF. A collation of numerous data sources which include both historical data and occurrences outside natural range.
Britain and Ireland: BSBI Atlas Current known distribution map by hectad in the British Isles. Natural distribution is confined to East Sussex.
Germany: FloraWeb.
Norway: Norsk Rødliste 2006. Species listed as Vulnerable on Norwegian Red Data List, where it is confined to an area of Telemark county.
Switzerland: Infoflora.

Description and biology

Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora
Plantlife
FloraWeb in German.
Photos: Günther's Site; Gerhard Nitter

References

BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
"Phyteuma spicatum L." www.infoflora.ch. Retrieved 2018-06-10.
"Ährige Teufelskralle - Bestimmung, Essbare-Teile & Verwendung". pflanzen-vielfalt.NET (in German). Retrieved 2018-06-10.

"Raiponce en épi Phyteuma spicatum". Cuisine Sauvage ASBL (in French). Retrieved 2018-06-10.

Michell, K; Eppinger, M; Parker, K. (2007). Field Guide to Wild Flowers of Britain and Europe. New Holland Publishers. pp. 174–175. ISBN 9781845374730.
Wheeler, B.R.; Hutchings, M.J. (1999). "The history and distribution of Phyteuma spicatum L. (Campanulaceae) in Britain" (PDF). Watsonia. Vol. 22. pp. 387–395.
Wheeler, B.R.; Hutchings, M.J. (2002). "Biological Flora of the British Isles : Phyteuma spicatum L.". J. Ecol. Vol. 90. pp. 581–591.
Plantlife (2010). "Phyteuma spicatum species dossier" (PDF).. Dossier from the UK Biodiversity Action Plan for the species.