Pontederiaceae

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Commelinales

Familia: Pontederiaceae
Genera: Heteranthera – Pontederia

Name

Pontederiaceae Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 265 (1816).

Type genus: Pontederia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 288 (1753).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Heterantheraceae J.Agardh, Theoria Syst. Pl.: 36 (1858).
Unisemataceae Raf., New Fl. N. Amer. 2: 75 (1837).

References
Primary references

Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, C.S. 1816 ["1815"]. Nova genera et species plantarum, quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt, descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bonpland et Alex. de Humboldt. Tomus 1 (quarto ed.). LVIII+377 pp., tt. 1–96. Sumtibus Librariae Graeco-Latino-Germanicae, Lutetiae Parisiorum [Paris]. BHL Reference page.
Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, C.S. 1816 ["1815"]. Nova genera et species plantarum, quas in peregrinatione orbis novi collegerunt, descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bonpland et Alex. de Humboldt. Tomus 1 (folio ed.). XLVI+302 pp., tt. 1–96. Sumtibus Librariae Graeco-Latino-Germanicae, Lutetiae Parisiorum [Paris]. e-rara.ch Reference page. : 211

Additional references

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12385 Reference page.
Pellegrini, M.O. 2016. Two new synonyms in Heteranthera (Pontederiaceae, Commelinales). Nordic Journal of Botany 35(1): 124-128. DOI: 10.1111/njb.01152 Paywall ResearchGate Reference page.
Pellegrini, M.O., Horn, C.N. & Almeida, R.F. 2018. Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L. PhytoKeys 108: 25-83. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652 Open access Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Pontederiaceae in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 July 14. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2013. Pontederiaceae. Published online. Accessed: 16 Sept. 2013.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2021. Pontederiaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 July 2021.

Vernacular names
suomi: Vesihyasinttikasvit
magyar: Vízijácintfélék
latviešu: ūdenshiacinšu dzimta
中文: 雨久花科

Pontederiaceae is a family of flowering plants.
Pontederia plantaginea in Kerala

The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the APG III system of 2009, the APG II system of 2003 and the APG system of 1998) places the family in the order Commelinales, in the commelinid clade, in the monocots.[1][2] It is a small family of heterostylous aquatic plants, occurring in tropical and subtropical waters. Charles Darwin was interested in the specialized form of heterostyly found in the family, known as tristyly. Not all of the species are heterostylous. The family contains two genera with around 40 known species.[3][4]

It is best known for the water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes), which is an invasive species in many waterways. The highly modified Heteranthera gardneri is a submerged aquatic with a two-flowered pseudanthium.
Taxonomy

There are two genera within this family as below:[4][5]

Heteranthera Ruiz & Pav. (including Eurystemon, Hydrothrix, Scholleropsis, and Zosterella)
Pontederia L. (including Eichhornia, Monochoria, and Reussia)

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. ISSN 0024-4074.
Pellegrini, M. O. O. & Horn, C. N. (2017). "Two peculiar new species of Heteranthera Ruiz & Pavón (Pontederiaceae) from Brazil, with notes on inflorescence architecture in the family". PhytoKeys (82): 35–56. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752. PMC 5546388. PMID 28794681.
Pellegrini, M. O. O.; Horn, C. N. & Alemida, R. F. (2018). "Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L." PhytoKeys (108): 25–83. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652. PMC 6160854. PMID 30275733.
Pellegrini, M. O. O. (2017). "Two new synonyms in Heteranthera (Pontederiaceae, Commelinales)". Nordic Journal of Botany. 35: 124–128. doi:10.1111/njb.01152.