Rosa carolina

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Rosales

Familia: Rosaceae
Subfamilia: Rosoideae
Tribus: Roseae
Genus: Rosa
Subgenus: R. subg. Rosa
Sectio: R. sect. Rosa
Series: R. ser. Rosa
Species: Rosa carolina
Name

Rosa carolina L. (1753)
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Rosa carolina f. glandulosa (Crép.) Fernald, Rhodora 50: 145 (1948).
Rosa carolina f. triloba (S.Watson) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees 305 (1949).
Rosa carolina var. deamii (Erlanson) Deam, Fl. Indiana 576 (1940).
Rosa carolina var. glandulosa (Crép.) Farwell, Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 366 (1920).
Rosa carolina var. grandiflora (Baker ex E.Wilm.) Rehder, in L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2991 (1916).
Rosa carolina var. lyonii (Pursh) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 571 (1935).
Rosa carolina var. obovata (Raf.) Deam, Fl. Indiana 576 (1940).
Rosa carolina var. plena Brumme & Gladis
Rosa carolina var. sabulosa Erlanson, Rhodora 30: 118 (1928).
Rosa carolina var. triloba (S.Watson) Rehder, in L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2991 (1916).
Rosa carolina var. villosa (Best) Rehder, in L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2991 (1916).
Rosa carolina var. villosa f. alba (Rehder) Rehder
Rosa carolinensis Marsh.
Rosa deamii Erlanson, Rhodora 30: 120 (1928).
Rosa humilis Marsh., Arbust. Amer. 136 (1785).
Rosa humilis var. grandiflora Baker ex E.Wilm., Genus Rosa 207 (1911).
Rosa humilis var. parviflora (Ehrh.) Ehrh. ex Koehne, Deut. Dendrol. 293 (1893).
Rosa humilis var. triloba S.Watson, Gard. & Forest 2: 76, f. 93 (1889).
Rosa humilis var. villosa Best, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 14: 256 (1887).
Rosa laxa Lindl., Ros. Monogr. 18 (1820), nom. illeg. non Retz. (1803).
Rosa lindleyi Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 547 (1825).
Rosa lucida Ehrh., Gartenkalender 4: 199 (1784).
Rosa lyonii Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 345 (1814).
Rosa nanella Rydb.
Rosa obovata Raf., Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 217 (1820).
Rosa palmeri Rydb., in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 502 (1918).
Rosa parviflora Ehrh., Gartenkalender 4: 197 (1784).
Rosa parviflora var. glandulosa Crép., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 15: 68 (1876).
Rosa pensylvanica Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 296 (1803), nom. illeg. non Wangenh. (1787).
Rosa pensylvanica Wangenh., Beytr. Teut. Forstwiss. 113 (1787).
Rosa pratensis Raf., Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 215 (1820).
Rosa pusilla Raf., Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 218 (1820).
Rosa serrulata Raf., Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 5: 218 (1820).
Rosa subserrulata Rydb., in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 500 (1918).
Rosa texarkana Rydb., in Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 503 (1918).
Rosa virginiana f. nanella (Rydb.) Fernald
Rosa virginiana subsp. humilis (Marsh.) C.K.Schneid., Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 570 (1905).
Rosa virginiana subvar. villosa (Best) Farwell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 10: 33 (1926).
Rosa virginiana var. glandulosa (Crép.) Farwell, Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 2: 26 (1923).
Rosa virginiana var. grandiflora (Baker ex E.Wilm.) Bean, Trees Shrubs Brit. Isles 2: 447 (1914).

Hybrids

R. × coruscans – R. × koehneana – R. × rudiuscula
References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 492. Reference page.
Wunderlin, R.P., and Hansen, B.F. 2008. Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa. Accessed: 2009 Aug 09. [1].

Vernacular names
English: Carolina Rose, Pasture Rose

Rosa carolina, commonly known as the Carolina rose,[2] pasture rose, or prairie rose, is a perennial shrub in the rose family native to eastern North America. It can be found in nearly all US states and Canadian provinces east of the Great Plains. It is common throughout its range and can be found in a wide variety of open habitats, from thickets and open woods to roadsides and along railroads.

Description
Painting of the Carolina rose by Mary E. Eaton from a 1917 issue of National Geographic

Rosa carolina is a perennial shrub.[3] The stems have straight, needle-like thorns, which distinguishes it from very similar species such as R. palustris and R. virginiana, which have curved thorns. The fragrant flowers emerge in early summer.[1] Blooms are about 6 to 8 centimeters (2.5 to 3 inches) in diameter, with five light pink petals and a yellow center. Flowers are typically borne singly on the ends of the current year's growth. There is no repeat bloom. The stems of the rose are upright, grayish in color on new growth, and brown on larger, older branches. Foliage is smooth and dark green. The plants proliferate by root spread. New growth will eventually become small to large thickets, anywhere from 0.5 to 1 m (18 to 40 inches) in height.[4][5]
Distribution and habitat

The Carolina rose is frequently found in a wide range of habitats, including dry soils, at the border of prairies, woodlands, and savannas, in thickets, in upland forested areas, and dunes. It also grows in wet soils along stream beds, swamps and low grassy areas. It has a wide range, from Nova Scotia, Canada, south to Florida, west to Texas, and north to Ontario.[4]
Cultivation

The Carolina rose can be cultivated. It needs full sun to moderate shade, well-drained soil and regular watering to thrive. The rose hips are edible, although very tart in flavor. The plant is attractive to several species of bees[4] and also provides nesting materials to them.[3]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rosa carolina.

NatureServe (2006), "Rosa carolina", NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life, Version 6.1., Arlington, Virginia, retrieved 2007-06-13
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Rosa carolina". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2021-11-26.
Taylor, David. "Carolina rose". U.S. Forest Service. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
"Rosa Carolina". Missouri Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 31 July 2020.