Thalictrum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Ordo: Ranunculales

Familia: Ranunculaceae
Subfamilia: Thalictroideae
Genus: Thalictrum
Subgenera: (3)
T. subg. Lecoyerium – T. subg. Physocarpidium – T. subg. Thalictrum
Overview of species

T. acaule – T. acteaefolium – T. acutifolium – T. aduncum – T. alpinum – T. aquilegiifolium – T. arkansanum – T. arsenii – T. atriplex – T. baicalense – T. brevisericeum – T. caffrum – T. calabricum – T. cardenasianum – T. chapinii – T. chelidonii – T. chiaonis – T. cincinnatum – T. cirrhosum – T. clavatum – T. confine – T. conzattii – T. cooleyi – T. coreanum – T. coriaceum – T. cuernavacanum – T. cultratum – T. dalzellii – T. dasycarpum – T. deamii – T. debile – T. decipiens – T. deciternatum – T. declinatum – T. delavayi – T. diffusiflorum – T. dioicum – T. dipterocarpum – T. domingense – T. elegans – T. Faberii – T. falconeri – T. fargesii – T. fendleri – T. filamentosum – T. finetii – T. flavum – T. flexuosum – T. foeniculaceum – T. foetidum – T. foliolosum – T. fortunei – T. galeottii – T. gibbosum – T. glandulosissimum – T. grandidentatum – T. grandiflorum – T. grandifolium – T. grandisepalum – T. grey-wilsonii – T. guatemalense – T. gueguenii – T. heliophilum – T. henricksonii – T. hernandezii – T. hintonii – T. honanense – T. ichangense – T. impexum – T. innitens – T. integrilobum – T. isopyroides – T. jaliscanum – T. javanicum – T. johnstonii – T. kiusianum – T. laeteviride – T. lanatum – T. lankesteri – T. laxum – T. leuconotum – T. longistylum – T. lucidum – T. macrocarpum – T. macrorhynchum – T. macrostigma – T. macrostylum – T. madrense – T. mairei – T. mannii – T. maritimum – T. microgynum – T. microspermum – T. minus – T. mirabile – T. myriophyllum – T. nakamurae – T. nelsonii – T. occidentale – T. oligandrum – T. omeiense – T. orientale – T. osmorhizoides – T. osmundifolium – T. pachucense – T. panamense – T. papuanum – T. parvifructum – T. pauciflorum – T. pedunculatum – T. peltatum – T. peninsulare – T. pennellii – T. petaloideum – T. philippinense – T. pinnatum – T. platycarpum – T. podocarpum – T. polycarpum – T. pringlei – T. przewalskii – T. pubescens – T. pubigerum – T. pudicum – T. punctatum – T. punduanum – T. ramosum – T. refractum – T. reniforme – T. reticulatum – T. revolutum – T. rhynchocarpum – T. robustum – T. rochebrunianum – T. rockii – T. roseanum – T. rostellatum – T. rotundifolium – T. rubescens – T. rufum – T. rutifolium – T. sachalinense – T. samariferum – T. saniculiforme – T. scabrifolium – T. schimperianum – T. secundum – T. sessile – T. sessilifolium – T. setulosinerve – T. sharpii – T. shensiense – T. simplex – T. smithii – T. sparsiflorum – T. speciosissimum – T. squamiferum – T. squarrosum – T. standleyi – T. steinbachii – T. steyermarkii – T. stolzii – T. strigillosum – T. subpubescens – T. sultanabadense – T. tenue – T. texanum – T. thalictroides – T. thibeticum – T. torresii – T. toyamae – T. treleasii – T. trichopus – T. tripeltiferum – T. triternatum – T. tsawarungense – T. tuberiferum – T. tuberosum – T. uchiyamae – T. umbricola – T. uncatum – T. uncinulatum – T. unguiculatum – T. urbaini – T. vaginatum – T. wangii – T. watanabei – T. venturii – T. venulosum – T. vesiculosum – T. virgatum – T. viridulum – T. viscosum – T. wuyishanicum – T. yui – T. zernyi
Name

Thalictrum L. (1753) nom. cons. des.

Type species: T. foetidum L.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Anemonella Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 7: 239 (1839).
Type species: A. thalictroides (L.) Spach
Leucocoma (Greene) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 254 (1914) (basionym: Thalictrum subg. Leucocoma Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 55 (1910)).
Type species: L. canadensis (Mill.) Nieuwl.
Physocarpum (DC.) Bercht. & J.Presl, Prir. Rostlin 1(Ranunc.): 14 (1824) (basionym: Thalictrum sect. Physocarpum DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 169, 171 (1817)).
Type species: non design.
Praticola Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. (Ehrhart) 4: 146 (1789) [1].
Type species: T. simplex L.
Ruprechtia Opiz, Seznam 86 (1852), nom. illeg. non C.A.Mey. (1840).
Type species: R. aquilegiifolia (L.) Opiz
Schlagintweitiella Ulbr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 877 (1929); Thalictrum sect. Schlagintweitella (Ulbr.) W.T.Wang & S.H.Wang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 27: 588, 620 (1979).
Type species: S. fumaroides Ulbr.
Sumnera Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 254 (1914).
Type species: non design.
Syndesmon (Hoffmanns. ex Endl.) Britton, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 6: 237 (1891) (basionym: Thalictrum sect. Syndesmon Hoffmanns. ex Endl., Gen. Pl. 845 (1839)).
Type species: S. thalictroides (L.) Hoffm. ex G.Lawson

References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 545.
Farr, E. R. & Zijlstra, G. eds. (1996-) Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). 2009 Nov 11 [2].
Di Stilio V. & Liston, A. Thalictrum Database

Vernacular names
azərbaycanca: Qaraqaytaran
čeština: žluťucha
dansk: Frøstjerne
Deutsch: Wiesenrauten
English: Meadow-rue
Esperanto: Taliktro
eesti: Ängelhein
suomi: Ängelmät
français: Thalictrum
hornjoserbsce: Žiwotnik
հայերեն: Քնձմնձուկ
қазақша: Маралоты
lietuvių: Vingiris
Nederlands: ruit
ирон: Бæхырагъыхос
polski: Rutewka
português: Thalictrum
Runa Simi: Sispa waranqaysu
русский: Василистник, Василистник
slovenčina: žltuška
svenska: Rutasläktet
Türkçe: Çayırsedefi
українська: Рутвиця
Winaray: Thalictrum
中文: 唐松草属

Thalictrum ( /θəˈlɪktrəm/) is a genus of 120-200 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae, native mostly to temperate regions.[1] Meadow-rue is a common name for plants in this genus.[2]

Thalictrum is a taxonomically difficult genus with poorly understood species boundaries; it is in need of further taxonomic and field research for clarification.

Despite their common name of "meadow-rue", Thalictrum species are not closely related to the true rue (family Rutaceae), but resemble its members in having compound leaves twice or thrice divided.[3]: 120 

Description

Meadow-rue leaves are alternate, bipinnately compound, and commonly glaucous blue-green in colour.

The flowers are small and apetalous (no petals), but have numerous long stamens, often brightly white, yellow, pink or pale purple, and are produced in conspicuous dense inflorescences. In some species (e.g. T. chelidonii, T. tuberosum), the sepals are large, brightly coloured and petal-like, but in most they are small and fall when the flower opens or soon after.
Habitat and distribution

Meadow-rues are usually found in shaded or damp locations, with a sub-cosmopolitan range throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere and also south to southern Africa and tropical South America, but absent from Australasia. They are most common in temperate regions of the world; twenty-two species are found in North America.
Ecology

Anemophily (wind pollination) is a characteristic of some members this genus, as seen in Thalictrum fendleri and Thalictrum dioicum. Others, such as Thalictrum sparsiflorum, are entomophilous (pollinated by insects).[4]

Thalictrum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Setaceous Hebrew Character moth.
Chemical constituents

Thalictrum species have been extensively studied by chemists. Typical natural products found in this genus are benzylisoquinoline alkaloids such as magnoflorine and the structurally related alkaloid berberine.[5]
Selected species

Thalictrum alpinum – alpine meadow-rue
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium – greater meadow-rue
Thalictrum chelidonii
Thalictrum cooleyi – Cooley's meadow-rue
Thalictrum coreanum
Thalictrum clavatum - mountain meadow-rue
Thalictrum dasycarpum
Thalictrum delavayi – Chinese meadow-rue
Thalictrum dioicum – early meadow-rue
Thalictrum fendleri – Fendler's meadow-rue
Thalictrum filamentosum
Thalictrum flavum – yellow or common meadow-rue
Thalictrum glaucum
Thalictrum heliophilum – cathedral meadow-rue
Thalictrum kiusianum – Kyushu meadow-rue, dwarf meadow-rue
Thalictrum minus – lesser meadow-rue
Thalictrum occidentale – western meadow-rue
Thalictrum pubescens
Thalictrum revolutum - waxyleaf meadow-rue
Thalictrum rochebruneanum – lavender mist meadow-rue
Thalictrum sparsiflorum – fewflower meadow-rue
Thalictrum thalictroides – rue-anemone (syn. Anemonella thalictroides)
Thalictrum tuberosum
Thalictrum urbainii

Cultivation

Thalictrum species are valued as ornamental garden plants, with their sprays of flowers in delicate shades. The following cultivars, with mixed or unknown parents, have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

'Black Stockings'[6]
'Elin'[7]
Splendide White = 'Fr21034'[8]
'Tukker Princess'[9]

References

Park, Marilyn M.; Festerling Jr., Dennis (1997). "Thalictrum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 3. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
"Thalictrum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521707725.
Steven, Janet; Waller, Donald (2004). "Reproductive alternatives to insect pollination in four species of Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae)". Plant Species Biology. 19 (2): 73–80. doi:10.1111/j.1442-1984.2004.00103.x. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
Willaman, J. J.; Liu, H.-L. (1970). "Lloydia (Supplement)". pp. 182–183. Missing or empty |url= (help)
"Thalictrum 'Black Stockings'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
"Thalictrum 'Elin'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
"Thalictrum Splendide White = 'Fr21034'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
"Thalictrum 'Tukker Princess'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.