Antidynamo theorem

In physics and in particular in the theory of magnetism, an antidynamo theorem is one of several results that restrict the type of magnetic fields that may be produced by dynamo action.

One notable example is Thomas Cowling's antidynamo theorem which states that no axisymmetric magnetic field can be maintained through a self-sustaining dynamo action by an axially symmetric current.[1]

Apart from the Earth's magnetic field, some other bodies such as Jupiter and Saturn, and the Sun have significant magnetic fields whose major component is a dipole, an axisymmetric magnetic field. These magnetic fields are self-sustained through fluid motion in the Sun or planets, with the necessary non symmetry for the planets deriving from the Coriolis force caused by their rapid rotation, and one cause of non-symmetry for the Sun being its differential rotation. The magnetic fields of planets with slow rotation periods and/or solid cores, such as Mercury, Venus and Mars, have dissipated to almost nothing by comparison.

The impact of the known anti-dynamo theorems is that successful dynamos do not possess a high degree of symmetry.
See also

Magnetosphere of Jupiter
Magnetosphere of Saturn

References

Cowling, T. G. (1934). "The Magnetic Field of Sunspots". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 94: 39–48. Bibcode:1933MNRAS..94...39C. doi:10.1093/mnras/94.1.39.

Physics Encyclopedia