Dinidoridae

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Cladus: Metapterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Paraneoptera
Superordo: Condylognatha
Ordo: Hemiptera
Subordo: Heteroptera
Infraordo: Pentatomomorpha
Superfamilia: Pentatomoidea

Familia:Dinidoridae
Subfamiliae (2): Dinidorinae – Megymeninae
Overview of genera (17)

Afromenotes – Amberiana – Byrsodepsus – Colpoproctus – Colporidius – Coridiellus – Coridius – Cyclopelta – Dinidor – Doesbergiana – Eumenotes – Folengus – Megymenum – Patanocnema – Sagriva – Thalma – Urusa
Name

Dinidoridae Stål, 1867:522 [As Dinidorida]

Type genus: Dinidor Latreille, 1829

References
Primary references

Stål, C. 1867. Bidrag till Hemipterernas systematik. Öfversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 24(7): 491–560. BHL Reference page. [p. 522]

Additional references

Durai, P.S.S. 1987. A revision of the Dinidoridae of the World (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Oriental Insects 21(1): 163–360. DOI: 10.1080/00305316.1987.11835477 Reference page.
Kocorek, A. & Danielczok-Demska, T. 2002. Comparative morphology of the spermatheca within the family Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). European Journal of Entomology 99: 91–98. PDF Reference page.
Lis, J.A. 1990. New genera, new species, new records and checklist of the Old World Dinidoridae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum, Entomology 1: 103–147. ResearchGate Open access Reference page. [not seen]
Lis, J.A. & Kocorek, A. 1997. The hindwing venation and its taxonomic value in Dinidoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Genus 8(3–4): 567–581. PDF Reference page.
Lis, J.A., Jastrzebska, M. & Kocorek, A. 2002. Comparative studies on the pretarsal structures in Dinidoridae [Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea]. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 72(2): 165–181. PDF Reference page.
Lis, J.A. 2006. Family Dinidoridae Stål, 1867. p. 228–232, In: Aukema, A. & Rieger, C. (eds). Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region, vol 5. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam. ResearchGate Open access Reference page.
Lis, J.A., Lis, P., Ziaja, D.J. & Kocorek, A. 2012. Systematic position of Dinidoridae within the superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) revealed by the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rDNA sequences. Zootaxa 3423: 61–68. Preview Reference page.
Rolston, L.H., Rider, D.A., Murray, M.J. & Aalbu, R.L. 1996. Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the World. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 39(1): 22–101. PDF Reference page.
Stål, C. 1870. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en företeckning öfver alla hittils kända Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 9(1): 1–232. Enumeratio Scutellerinorum Americae pp. 4-20. Enumeratio Asopinorum pp. 21-59. Enumeratio Tessaratominorum pp. 60–78. Enumeratio Dinidorum pp. 79–89. Addenda pp. 229–232. BHL Reference page. [p. 79]

Links

Zicha, Ondřej et al. Dinidoridae Stål, 1868 – Taxon details on Biological Library (BioLib).
Dinidoridae – Taxon details on Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).
Dinidoridae – Taxon details on Fauna Europaea.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Dinidoridae.
ION

The Dinidoridae are a small family of insects comprising about a hundred species in sixteen genera in the Hemipteran suborder Heteroptera, the "true bugs".[2] As a group the family does not have any common name. Until the late 19th century they were generally regarded as a subfamily of the Pentatomidae.[3]

Description

Most members of the family Dinidoridae are large and robust in build; the bodies of some species may exceed 27 mm in length. In shape they are ovoid to oblong. The head and pronotum have lateral keels. The scutellum is moderately short and blunt, typically some 50% of the abdominal length.[3]

The antennae have four or five segments, with at least two of the subapical segments more or less flattened. The antenniferous tubercles are set below the lateral head margins, and are not visible from above. The tarsi have two or three segments. In most genera trichobothria occur in pairs on the third to the seventh abdominal sterna, but Eumenotes species have only one trichobothrium per segment. Each pair of trichobothria is arranged transversely on a large callus mesad of the abdominal spiracles.[3]
Taxonomy

The taxon corresponding to the modern family Dinidoridae was originally established by Stål in 1870 as the subfamily Dinidorida of the family Pentatomidae. Subsequent authorities such as Lethierry and Severin applied the name Dinidoridae, but in a subfamily sense in spite of the implication of the suffix "-dae". Twentieth century authorities treated the Dinidoridae as a distinct family, which now is the established view.[4]

Two subfamilies are generally recognised, the Dinidorinae and the Megymeninae. They may be distinguished as follows:
Coridius spissus, a typical member of the subfamily Dinidorinae.[1]
Megymenum affine, an Australasian member of the subfamily Megymeninae

The subfamily Dinidorinae tend to have a smooth pronotum and to be comparatively smooth in outline; the appearance of the scutellum and the dorsum in general have a homogeneously convex appearance. In the Megymeninae the anterolateral angles of the dorsal surface of the scutellum have marked depressions.
Similarly in the Dinidorinae the posterolateral angles of the abdominal connexiva are smooth and appear nearly entire, whereas in the Megymeninae they are variously tuberculate or lobed.
Furthermore, in most of the Dinidorinae the edge of the metasternum covers the spiracles of the second abdominal segment; in the Megymeninae those spiracles are visible from the exterior.
The legs, and often the antennae, of Megymeninae generally are markedly spiny or setulose. In the Dinidorinae the legs are hardly spiny at all.[3]

Tribes and Genera

BioLib[5] lists six tribes (and also the unplaced fossil genus †Dinidorites Cockerell, 1921) in the two subfamilies:
Dinidorinae

The Dinidorinae Stål, 1868 includes the Dinidorini, which comprises tens of species, some with four-segmented and some with five-segmented antennae.

tribe Amberianini J.A. Lis & Kocorek, 2014

Amberiana Distant, 1911

tribe Dinidorini Stål, 1868

Colpoproctus Stål, 1870
Colporidius Lis, 1990
Coridiellus Lis, 1990
Coridius Illiger, 1807
Cyclopelta Amyot & Serville, 1843
Dinidor Latreille, 1829
Patanocnema Karsch, 1892
Sagriva Spinola, 1850

tribe Thalmini Nuamah, 1982

The tribe Thalmini contains three species, each in its own genus. All three species have two-segmented tarsi.

Folengus Distant, 1914
Thalma Walker, 1868
Urusa Walker, 1868

Megymeninae

In the subfamily Megymeninae Amyot & Serville, 1843 the lateral margins of the abdomen and commonly also of the head and pronotum are produced into lobes, tubercles, or spines. In many species the pronotum bears a dorsal anteromedian tuberosity, or a posterior transverse ridge. In most species the legs are heavily and strongly spined; in others the antennae and legs are setulose.

tribe Byrsodepsini Kocorek & Lis, 2000

Byrsodepsus Stål, 1872

tribe Eumenotini Bergroth, 1907

Afromenotes Kment & Kocorek, 2014
Eumenotes Westwood, 1847

tribe Megymenini Amyot & Serville, 1843

Doesbergiana Durai, 1987 - monotypic D. borneoensis Durai, 1987
Megymenum Guérin-Méneville, 1831 - 23 described species: several species with expanded pronotal margins and some have reduced hemelytra and are flightless. In most species the second valvifers are reduced, lightly sclerotized, and fused mesally.[3]

Work continues in establishing the taxonomy of the family in the light of molecular genetics.[2] Current evidence suggests that Dinidoridae is in fact monophyletic and is a sister group to the Tessaratomidae. However the monogeneric tribe Eumenotini, including only the monotypic genus Eumenotes Westwood, had been seen as belonging in the Megymeninae. This however no longer seems defensible. The tribe actually looks closer to the Dinidorinae, but whether it should be assigned to Dinidorinae or to its own subfamily needs separate consideration.[2]
Biology

All Dinidoridae appear subsist strictly on the sap of host plants in various families, more than twenty in number. Known hosts include members of the following families, on some of which some of the species are recognised as pests:[6]

Amaranthaceae
Arecaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Asteraceae
Balsaminaceae
Convolvulaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Malvaceae
Moraceae
Passifloraceae
Pedaliaceae
Poaceae
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Sapindaceae
Solanaceae
Theaceae
Urticaceae

Distribution

Dinidoridae occur mainly in far-eastern and African regions, but the genus Dinidor occurs in neotropical regions and species of Megymenum extend down to Australia.[4]
References

Schouteden, H. ed. Wytsman P. Genera Insectorum 153rd fascicule. Heteroptera, fam. Pentatomidae subfam. Dinidorinae 1913 [1]
Lis, Jerzy A; Lis; Pawel; Ziaja, Dariusz J; Kocorek, Anna. Systematic position of Dinidoridae within the superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) revealed by the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rDNA sequences. Zootaxa 3423: 61–68 (2012) ISSN 1175-5334
Randall T. Schuh; James Alexander Slater (1995). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera:Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press. pp. 225–. ISBN 0-8014-2066-0.
Rolston, L.H.; Rider, D.A.; Murray, M.J.; Aalbu, R.L. 1996: Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the world. Papua New Guinea journal of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, 39(1): 22–101. PDF Archived 2010-07-09 at the Wayback Machine
Biolib.cz: family Dinidoridae Stål, 1868 (retrieved 29 August 2020)
Rider, David A. North Dakota State University. [2] Archived 2014-03-16 at the Wayback Machine