Holometabola

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Cladus: Mandibulata
Cladus: Pancrustacea
Cladus: Allotriocarida
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Holometabola
Superordines: Coleopterida – Hymenopterida – Neuropterida – Panorpida
incertae sedis: †Cavalarva – †Metabolarva
Overview of ordines

Coleoptera – Diptera – Hymenoptera – Lepidoptera – "Mecoptera" – Megaloptera – Neuroptera – Raphidioptera – Siphonaptera – Strepsiptera – Trichoptera – †Permotrichoptera – †Skleroptera
[list of ordines after Grimaldi & Engel (2005: 147, table 4.1)]
Name

Holometabola Burmeister, 1835
Synonymy

Metabola Burmeister, 1832
Holometabola Burmeister, 1835
Endopterygota Sharp, 1898

References
Primary references

Sharp, D. 1898. Some points in the classification of Insecta Hexapoda. Pp. 246–249. In: Sedgwick, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the fourth International Congress of Zoology, Cambridge, 22-27 August, 1898. London: C.J. Clay and Sons. BHL.

Additional references

Aristov, D.S. & Rasnitsyn, A.P. 2015. New insects from the Kungurian of Tshekarda fossil site in Permian Territory of Russia. Russian Entomological Journal 24(1): 17–35. DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.24.1.03 Open access. Reference page.
Beutel, R.G., Friedrich, F., Hörnschemeyer, T., Pohl, H., Hünefeld, F., Beckmann, F., Meier, R., Misof, B., Whiting, M.F. & Vilhelmsen, L. 2010 (Online) 2011 (Print). Morphological and molecular evidence converge upon a robust phylogeny of the megadiverse Holometabola. Cladistics 27(4): 341–355. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00338.x Open access. Reference page.
Beutel, R.G. & Pohl, H. 2006. Endopterygote systematics – where do we stand and what is the goal (Hexapoda, Arthropoda)? Systematic Entomology 31(2): 202–219. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00341.x Open access. Reference page.
Grimaldi, D. & Engel, M.S. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA. ISBN 978-0-521-82149-0. limited preview on Google Books. Reference page.
Krenn, H.W. 2007. Evidence from mouthpart structure on interordinal relationships in Endopterygota? Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 65(1): 7–14. DOI: 10.3897/asp.65.e31661 Open access.
Nel, A., Roques, P., Nel, P., Prokin, A.A., Bourgoin, T., Prokop, J., Szwedo, J., Azar, D., Desutter-Grandcolas, L., Wappler, T., Garrouste, R., Coty, D., Huang, D.-Y., Engel, M. & Kirejtshuk, A.G. 2013. The earliest-known holometabolous insects. Nature 503: 257–261. [14 p. Supplementary material.] DOI: 10.1038/nature12629 Paywall. Reference page.
Wootton, R.J. 2002. Design, function and evolution in the wings of holometabolous insects. Zoologica Scripta 31(1): 31–40. DOI: 10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00076.x Paywall.
Whiting, M.F. 2002. Phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders: molecular evidence. Zoologica Scripta 31(1): 3–15. DOI: 10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00093.x Paywall.
Whiting, M.F., Carpenter, J.C., Wheeler, Q.D. & Wheeler, W.C. 1997. The Strepsiptera Problem: Phylogeny of the Holometabolous Insect Orders Inferred from 18S and 28S Ribosomal DNA Sequences and Morphology. Systematic Biology 46(1): 1–68. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/46.1.1 Open access. DOI: 10.2307/2413635, JSTOR Hybrid open access journal. Reference page.

Vernacular names
English: Complete Metamorphosis Insects
magyar: Fejlett szárnyas rovarok
日本語: 内翅類
Türkçe: Tümbaşkalaşmalı böcekler
Tiếng Việt: Côn trùng trưởng thành
中文: 内翅總目