Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Familia: Calyptocephalellidae
Genera (2): Calyptocephalella - Telmatobufo
Name
Brevicipitidae Reig, 1960
Type genus: Calyptocephalella Strand, 1928.
Synonymy
Calyptocephalellinae Reig, 1960: 113
Calyptocephalinae Cei, 1962: 104
Calyptocephalellini — Lynch, 1978
Calyptocephalellidae — Frost, 2007
References
Primary references
Reig, O.A. 1960. Las relaciones genéricas del anuro chileno Calyptocephalella gayi (Dum. & Bibr.). pp. 113–147 in Actas y Trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoología (La Plata, 12–24 Octubre 1959). Volume 4. Comisión de Investigación Científica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas: La Plata.
Additional references
Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P.E., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370. DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2 Paywall; hdl: 2246/5781 Open access. Reference page.
Blackburn, D.C. & Wake, D.B. 2011. Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. Pp 39–55 In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237. Open access. Reference page. Reference page.
Pyron, R.A. & Wiens, J.J. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2,800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61(2): 543–583. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012 Paywall Reference page.
The Calyptocephalellidae are a family of toads (although not true members of the Bufonidae) found in Chile containing two living genera, Calyptocephalella and Telmatobufo.
The genus Calyptocephalella contains one living species, the helmeted water toad (C. gayi), which is very large and mostly aquatic. The genus Telmatobufo contains four species, T. australis, T. bullocki, T. ignotus, and T. venustus.[1] All five living species within the family are considered threatened, with T. bullocki and T. venustus being classified as critically endangered.[2]
The family has been present in southern South America since the Late Cretaceous[3] and were present in the Antarctic Peninsula during the Eocene.[4] While originally widespread in Patagonia east of the Andes, they later became extinct in this region after the Late Miocene, likely due to increasingly cold and arid conditions.[5] A particularly large indeterminate fossil species is known from the Eocene of southern Chile.[6] One extinct genus is known, Xerocephalella from the Paleocene aged Salamanca Formation of southern Patagonia.[7]
They are the sister group to the superfamily Myobatrachoidea, which inhabits Australasia; the ancestors of Myobatrachoidea likely diverged from Calyptocephalellidae in South America, but migrated south to Australasia via then ice-free Antarctica. Together, these groups comprise the clade Australobatrachia.[8]
References
Frost, Darrel R. (2013). "Calyptocephalellidae, Reig 1960". Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
Donoso, Denise S.; Corres, Claudio Q.; Henriquez, Paula; Lagos, Nicolas F.; Mendez, M.A. (2010). "Amphibia, Anura, Calyptocephalellidae, Telmatobufo bullocki Schmidt, 1952: Distribution extension, habitat use and geographic distribution map". Checklist, Journal of Species Lists and Distribution. 6 (2): 298–300. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
Novas, Fernando; Agnolin, Federico; Rozadilla, Sebastián; Aranciaga-Rolando, Alexis; Brissón-Eli, Federico; Motta, Matias; Cerroni, Mauricio; Ezcurra, Martín; Martinelli, Agustin; D´Angelo, Julia; Álvarez-Herrera, Gerardo (2019). "Paleontological discoveries in the Chorrillo Formation (upper Campanian-lower Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous), Santa Cruz Province, Patagonia, Argentina". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. 21: 217–293. doi:10.22179/revmacn.21.655. hdl:11336/122229. ISSN 1514-5158. S2CID 212808625.
Mörs, Thomas; Reguero, Marcelo; Vasilyan, Davit (2020-04-23). "First fossil frog from Antarctica: implications for Eocene high latitude climate conditions and Gondwanan cosmopolitanism of Australobatrachia". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 5051. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.5051M. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61973-5. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7181706. PMID 32327670. S2CID 216085718.
Agnolin, F. A new Calyptocephalellidae (Anura, Neobatrachia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, with comments on its systematic position. Stud. Geol. Salamanticensia 48, 129–178 (2012).
Otero, R.A.; P. Jimenez-Huidobro; S. Soto-Acuña; R.E.Yury-Yáñez (2014). "Evidence of a giant helmeted frog (Australobatrachia, Calyptocephalellidae) from Eocene levels of the Magallanes Basin, southernmost Chile". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 55: 133–140. Bibcode:2014JSAES..55..133O. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2014.06.010.
Muzzopappa, P.; Bargo, M. S.; Vizcaíno, S. F. (2025). "Anurans from the Early–Middle Miocene Santa Cruz Formation at Río Chalía (Patagonia, Argentina), and a revision of the fossil Calyptocephalellidae (Anura: Australobatrachia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 23 (1). 2456622. doi:10.1080/14772019.2025.2456622.
Feng, Yan-Jie; Blackburn, David C.; Liang, Dan; Hillis, David M.; Wake, David B.; Cannatella, David C.; Zhang, Peng (2017-07-18). "Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (29): E5864 – E5870. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114E5864F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1704632114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5530686. PMID 28673970.
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