Clinotarsus curtipes (Source)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Familia: Ranidae
Genus: Clinotarsus
Species: Clinotarsus curtipes
Name
Clinotarsus curtipes (Jerdon, 1854)
Type locality: "Malabar, South India".
Holotype: ZSIC ?
Synonyms
Rana curtipes Jerdon, 1854
Pachybatrachus robustus Mivart, 1868
Clinotarsus robustus — Mivart, 1869
Hylorana curtipes — Jerdon, 1870
Rana curtipes — Boulenger, 1882
Rana (Hylorana) curtipes — Boulenger, 1920
Rana (Hylarana) curtipes — Dubois, 1987
Rana (Clinotarsus) curtipes — Dubois, 1992
Clinotarsus curtipes — Krishna & Krishna, 2005
References
Jerdon, 1854 "1853", J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 22: 532.
Krishna and Krishna, 2005, Herpetol. Rev., 36: 21.
Frost, D.R. 2021. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. DOI: 10.5531/db.vz.0001 Clinotarsus curtipes . Accessed on 28 June 2008.
2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN: Clinotarsus curtipes (Near Threatened) Downloaded on 28 June 2008. (as Rana curtipes)
Vernacular names
English: Bicoloured Frog
español: Rana curtipes
The bicolored frog or Malabar frog (Clinotarsus curtipes) is a species of frog endemic to the Western Ghats of India.[2] The tadpoles of the species are black and form dense and compact schools in slow moving streams in forested areas.
Description
The bicolored frog's vomerine teeth scarcely developed, sometimes indistinct. The teeth are in two slightly oblique series on a level with the hind edge of the choanae. Its head large; snout short, rounded, with well-marked canthus rostralis and concave loreal region ; nostril nearer to the end of the snout than to the eye; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, nearly as large as the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending beyond second; toes short, nearly entirely webbed; tips of fingers and toes swollen or dilated into very small disks; subarticular tubercles much developed; inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval, blunt; a rather large, flat tubercle at the base of the fourth toe; no tarsal fold. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye. Skin finely granular above; a moderately prominent, rather narrow glandular lateral fold; another told behind the tympanum down to the shoulder. Clinotarsus curtipes is greyish or brown above, with or without blackish dots; lateral fold lighter, edged with black; a blackish oblique spot or band below the eye; upper lip with a blackish margin; limbs dark purplish brown, without cross bands; light brown beneath, the throat sometimes dark brown. Male with an internal subgular vocal sac.[3][4]
The spot patterns on the backs are often distinctive enough to use for population estimation using capture and recapture techniques. Use of this technique in the Bisale Reserve Forest in Kodagu during January 1999 – July 2001 gave a population density estimate of 0.08–0.1 frogs per square metre.[5]
Adult frogs may occasionally feign death to escape predators.[6]
The tadpoles are large (more than 9 cm (3.5 in) in total length) and form shoals in slow moving streams.[7] They are collected for local consumption.[1]
References
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2023). "Clinotarsus curtipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T58583A166104585. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T58583A166104585.en. Retrieved 19 April 2025.
Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Clinotarsus curtipes (Jerdon, 1853)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
Boulenger, G. A. (1890) The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Reptilia and Batrachia.
Desai R.N. & Pancharatna K. (2003). "Rana curtipes coloration". Herpetological Review. 34 (1): 53–54.
Krishna, S. N.; Krishna S. B. & Vijaylaxmi, K. K. (2005). "Dorsal spot pattern as unique markers to estimate the population size of Rana curtipes". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 102 (1): 16–18. ISSN 0006-6982.
Gramapurohit, N. P.; Shanbhag, B. A. & Saidapur, S. K. (2001). "Rana curtipes (bicolored frog). Death feigning". Herpetological Review. 32 (2): 103.
Hiragond, Ningappa C.; Shanbhag, Bhagyashri A. & Saidapur, Srinivas K. (2001). "Description of the tadpole of a stream breeding frog, Rana curtipes". Journal of Herpetology. 35 (1): 166–168. doi:10.2307/1566044. JSTOR 1566044.
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