Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Orthokaryota
Cladus: Neokaryota
Cladus: Scotokaryota
Cladus: Podiata
Cladus: Amorphea
Cladus: Obazoa
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Cladus: Filozoa
Cladus: Choanozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Cladus: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Batrachomorpha
Classis: Amphibia
Subclassis: Lissamphibia
Superordo: Batrachia
Cladus: Salientia
Ordo: Anura
Familia: Nyctibatrachidae
Subfamilia: Nyctibatrachinae
Genus: Nyctibatrachus
Species (36): N. acanthodermis – N. aliciae – N. anamallaiensis – N. athirappillyensis – N. beddomii – N. danieli – N. dattatreyaensis – N. deccanensis – N. deveni – N. gavi – N. grandis – N. humayuni – N. indraneili – N. jog – N. karnatakaensis – N. kempholeyensis – N. kumbara – N. major – N. manalari – N. mewasinghi – N. minimus – N. minor – N. periyar – N. petraeus – N. pillaii – N. poocha – N. pulivijayani – N. radcliffei – N. robinmoorei – N. sabarimalai – N. sanctipalustris – N. shiradi – N. sylvaticus – N. vasanthi – N. vrijeuni – N. webilla
Name
Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882: 113
Type species: Nyctibatrachus major Boulenger, 1882, by subsequent designation of Myers (1942: 54).
Synonyms
Nannobatrachus Boulenger, 1882: 470 [synonymised by Dubois (1987: 68)]
Type species: Nannobatrachus beddomii Boulenger, 1882, by monotypy.
References
Primary references
Boulenger, G.A. 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the Collection of the British Museum. Second Edition. Order of the Trustees: London. XVI + 503 pp. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Biju, S.D., Van Bocxlaer, I., Mahony, S., Dinesh, K.P., Radhakrishnan, C., Zachariah, A., Giri, V. & Bossuyt, F. 2011. A taxonomic review of the Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 in the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae) with description of twelve new species. Zootaxa 3029(1): 1–96. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3029.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
Gururaja, K.V., Dinesh, K.P., Priti, H. & Ravikanth, G. 2014. Mud-packing frog: A novel breeding behaviour and parental care in a stream dwelling new species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae). Zootaxa 3796(1): 33–61. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.1.2 Paywall Reference page.
Garg, S., Suyesh, R., Sukesan, S. & Biju, S.D. 2017. Seven new species of Night Frogs (Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot of India, with remarkably high diversity of diminutive forms. PeerJ 5: e3007. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3007 Open access Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Night Frogs
Nyctibatrachus is a genus of frogs endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India. Their common name is night frogs.[1][2] Their scientific name also means "night frog", in reference to their habits and dark color. They are the only extant members of the monotypic subfamily Nyctibatrachinae.[3] Currently, 35 species belong to Nyctibatrachus.[4]
Description
Members of the genus Nyctibatrachus are robust-bodied frogs that range in size from small (snout–vent length <13 mm in Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei)[5] to relatively large (up to 84 mm Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis). The especially small species are among the smallest of all Indian frogs.[4] They have a concealed tympanum, dorsum with longitudinal skin folds, femoral glands, and expanded finger and toes disks. They occur near streams in hilly evergreen forests[6] and are nocturnal.[7] Most species have amplexus but Nyctibatrachus humayuni does not; in this species the male moves over the eggs after the female has deposited them.[6]
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Nyctibatrachus:[1]
Nyctibatrachus acanthodermis Biju et al., 2011[7] – spinular night frog
Nyctibatrachus aliciae Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984
Nyctibatrachus anamallaiensis (Myers, 1942)
Nyctibatrachus athirappillyensis Garg et al., 2017[5]
Nyctibatrachus beddomii (Boulenger, 1882)
Nyctibatrachus danieli Biju et al., 2011[7]
Nyctibatrachus dattatreyaensis Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, and Bhatta, 2008
Nyctibatrachus deccanensis Dubois, 1984
Nyctibatrachus gavi Biju et al., 2011[7]
Nyctibatrachus grandis Biju et al., 2011[7]
Nyctibatrachus humayuni Bhaduri and Kripalani, 1955 – Bombay night frog
Nyctibatrachus indraneili Biju et al., 2011[7]
Nyctibatrachus jog Biju et al., 2011[7] – Jog night frog
Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Manjunatha Reddy, and Gururaja, 2007[8]
Nyctibatrachus kempholeyensis (Rao, 1937)
Nyctibatrachus kumbara Gururaja, Dinesh, Priti, and Ravikanth, 2014
Nyctibatrachus major Boulenger, 1882 – Malabar night frog
Nyctibatrachus manalari Garg, 2017[5]
Nyctibatrachus mewasinghi Krutha, Dahanukar, and Molur, 2017
Nyctibatrachus minimus Biju, Van Bocxlaer, Giri, Roelants, Nagaraju, and Bossuyt, 2007
Nyctibatrachus minor Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1984
Nyctibatrachus petraeus Das and Kunte, 2005
Nyctibatrachus pillaii Biju et al., 2011[7]
Nyctibatrachus poocha Biju et al., 2011[7]
Nyctibatrachus pulivijayani Garg, 2017[5]
Nyctibatrachus radcliffei Garg, 2017[5]
Nyctibatrachus robinmoorei Garg, 2017[5]
Nyctibatrachus sabarimalai Garg, 2017[5]
Nyctibatrachus sanctipalustris Rao, 1920
Nyctibatrachus shiradi Biju et al., 2011[7]
Nyctibatrachus sylvaticus Rao, 1937 – forest night frog
Nyctibatrachus tunga Kumar, Vishwajith, Anish, Dayananda, Gururaja & Priti, 2022[9]
Nyctibatrachus vasanthi Ravichandran, 1997
Nyctibatrachus vrijeuni Biju et al., 2011[7] – VUB night frog
Nyctibatrachus webilla Garg, 2017[5]
References
Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
"Nyctibatrachidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
Blommers-Schlösser, Rose M. A. (1 July 1993). "Systematic relationships of the Mantellinae Laurent 1946 (Anura Ranoidea)". Ethology Ecology & Evolution. 5 (2): 199–218. Bibcode:1993EtEcE...5..199B. doi:10.1080/08927014.1993.9523105. ISSN 0394-9370.
Garg, Sonali; Suyesh, Robin; Sukesan, Sandeep; Biju, S. D. (21 February 2017). "Seven new species of Night Frogs (Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot of India, with remarkably high diversity of diminutive forms". PeerJ. 5: e3007. doi:10.7717/peerj.3007. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5322763. PMID 28243532.
Garg, Sonali; Suyesh, Robin; Sukesan, Sandeep; Biju, SD (21 February 2017). "Seven new species of Night Frogs (Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) from the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot of India, with remarkably high diversity of diminutive forms". PeerJ. 5: e3007. doi:10.7717/peerj.3007. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5322763. PMID 28243532.
Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 509–510.
Biju, S.D., Van Bocxlaer, I., Mahony, S., Dinesh, K.P., Radhakrishnan, C., Zachariah, A., Giri, V., and Bossuyt, F. (2011). "A taxonomic review of the Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 in the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae) with description of twelve new species" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3029: 1–96. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3029.1.1.
Dinesh, K.P., C. Radhakrishnan, A.H. Manjunatha Reddy and K.V. Gururaja (2007). "Nyctibatrachus karnatakaensis nom. nov., a replacement name for the Giant Wrinkled Frog from the Western Ghats" (PDF). Current Science. 93 (2): 246–250.
Kumar, K.S. Pavan; Vishwajith, H.U.; Anisha, Anand; Dayananda, G.Y.; Gururaja, Kotambylu Vasudeva; Priti, Hebbar (15 November 2022). "A new cryptic species of Nyctibatrachus (Amphibia, Anura, Nyctibatrachidae) with description of its tadpole from the central Western Ghats, India". Zootaxa. 5209 (1): 69–92. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.4. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 37045404. S2CID 253537588.
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