Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Subsectio: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauria
Ordo: Saurischia
Cladus: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Infraclassis: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Subordo: Passeri
Infraordo: Passerida
Superfamilia: Passeroidea
Familia: Fringillidae
Subfamilia: Carduelinae
Genus: Chloris
Species (5): C. ambigua – C. chloris – C. monguilloti – C. sinica – C. spinoides
Name
Chloris Cuvier, 1800
Authority for placement: Nguembock et al., 2009; Zuccon et al., 2012
Gender: feminine
Type species: Loxia chloris Linnaeus, 1758
References
Primary references
Cuvier, G. 1800. Leçons d'anatomie comparée … de G. Cuvier; recueillies et publiées sous ses yeux par C. Duméril 1, tab 2. Paris: Baudouin.
Additional references
Nguembock, B., Fjeldså, J., Couloux, A., & Pasquet, E. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of Carduelinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae) proves polyphyletic origin of the genera Serinus and Carduelis and suggests redefined generic limits. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51(2): 169–181. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.022 Abstract & first page. Reference page.
Zuccon, D., Prŷs-Jones, R., Rasmussen, P.C., & Ericson, P.G.P. 2012. The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (2): 581–596. Full text (PDF). DOI: .1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002 Reference page.
Vernacular names
English: Greenfinches
suomi: Viherpeipot
The greenfinches are small passerine birds in the genus Chloris in the subfamily Carduelinae within the Fringillidae. The species have a Eurasian distribution except for the European greenfinch, which also occurs in North Africa.
These finches all have large conical bills and yellow patches on the wing feathers.
The greenfinches were formerly placed in the genus Carduelis. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that the greenfinches form a monophyletic group that is not closely related to the species in Carduelis and instead is sister to a clade containing the desert finch (Rhodospiza obsoleta) and the Socotra golden-winged grosbeak (Rhynchostruthus socotranus).[1] The greenfinches were therefore moved to the resurrected genus Chloris which had originally been introduced by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1800 with the European greenfinch as the type species.[2][3] The name is from Ancient Greek khloris, the European greenfinch, from khloros, "green".[4]
Extant species
The genus contains six species:[3][5]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Chloris ambigua | Black-headed greenfinch | Yunnan, northern Laos, eastern Myanmar and adjacent areas of Vietnam, Thailand and northeastern India |
.jpg/120px-Carduelis_chloris_3_(Marek_Szczepanek).jpg) |
Chloris chloris | European greenfinch | Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia |
 |
Chloris sinica | Grey-capped greenfinch | East Asia |
| Chloris kittlitzi | Bonin greenfinch[6] | the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands | |
| Chloris monguilloti | Vietnamese greenfinch | Vietnam | |
 |
Chloris spinoides | Yellow-breasted greenfinch | northern regions of the Indian subcontinent |
Restoration of the extinct Chloris aurelioi, described September 23, 2010
Trias greenfinch (Chloris triasi) - Holocene of La Palma, the Canary Islands, Spain
Slender-billed greenfinch (Chloris aurelioi) - Holocene of Tenerife, the Canary Islands, Spain
References
Zuccon, Dario; Prŷs-Jones, Robert; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2012). "The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 62 (2): 581–596. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002. PMID 22023825.
Cuvier, Georges (1800). Leçons d'anatomie comparée. Volume 1. Paris: Baudouin. Table 2. The year on the title page is An VIII.
Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 5.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
"Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-01-12.
Saitoh, Takema; Kawakami, Kazuto; Red'kin, Yaroslav A.; Nishiumi, Isao; Kim, Chang-Hoe; Kryukov, Alexey P. (2020-05-27). "Cryptic Speciation of the Oriental Greenfinch Chloris sinica on Oceanic Islands". Zoological Science. 37 (3): 280. doi:10.2108/zs190111. ISSN 0289-0003.
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