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Patagioenas corensis

Patagioenas corensis

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Classis: Reptilia
Cladus: Eureptilia
Cladus: Romeriida
Subclassis: Diapsida
Cladus: Sauria
Infraclassis: Archosauromorpha
Cladus: Crurotarsi
Divisio: Archosauria
Cladus: Avemetatarsalia
Cladus: Ornithodira
Subtaxon: Dinosauromorpha
Cladus: Dinosauriformes
Cladus: Dracohors
Cladus: Dinosauria
Cladus: Saurischia
Cladus: Eusaurischia
Subordo: Theropoda
Cladus: Neotheropoda
Cladus: Averostra
Cladus: Tetanurae
Cladus: Avetheropoda
Cladus: Coelurosauria
Cladus: Tyrannoraptora
Cladus: Maniraptoromorpha
Cladus: Maniraptoriformes
Cladus: Maniraptora
Cladus: Pennaraptora
Cladus: Paraves
Cladus: Eumaniraptora
Cladus: Avialae
Infraclassis: Aves
Cladus: Avebrevicauda
Cladus: Pygostylia
Cladus: Ornithothoraces
Cladus: Ornithuromorpha
Cladus: Carinatae
Parvclassis: Neornithes
Cohors: Neognathae
Cladus: Neoaves
Cladus: Columbimorphae
Ordo: Columbiformes

Familia: Columbidae
Subfamilia: Columbinae
Genus: Patagioenas
Species: Patagioenas corensis
Name

Patagioenas corensis (Jacquin, 1784)
Synonyms

Columba corensis (protonym)

References

Jacquin, J.F. von. 1784. Beyträge zur Geschichte der Vögel. Wien. C.F. Wappler. 45 pp. 19 pl. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.49548 BHL Reference page. p. 31

Vernacular names
English: Bare-eyed Pigeon
español: Paloma aliblanca
suomi: Venezuelankyyhky

The bare-eyed pigeon (Patagioenas corensis) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Venezuela, and the Netherlands Antilles.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics

At least one author has asserted that based on plumage similarities the bare-eyed pigeon, picazuro pigeon (P. picazuro), spot-winged pigeon (P. maculosa), and scaled pigeon (P. speciosa) form a monophyletic group. Others argue that significant vocal differences belie that.[3][4]

The bare-eyed pigeon is monophyletic.[2]
Description

Male bare-eyed pigeons are 32 to 37 cm (13 to 15 in) long and females 30 to 34.5 cm (11.8 to 13.6 in). They weigh about 274 g (9.7 oz). Male and female plumage is the same. Their head, neck, and breast are mauve-pink. The orange-brown eye is surrounded by bare skin, a narrow blue ring and a wider outer area of reddish brown. The neck and upper back have a bronze-black and pale brown scaled appearance and the lower back and rump are pale bluish gray. The chin and vent region are white. The closed wing shows a broad white patch. The juvenile is a paler version of the adults.[4]
Distribution and habitat

The bare-eyed pigeon is found on the Caribbean coasts of Colombia and Venezuela and the near-shore islands of Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Margarita, and Blanquilla. It primarily inhabits an arid landscape of thorn scrub, cactus, and acacia and is also found in mangroves and cultivated areas. It can be found as high as 400 m (1,300 ft) above sea level on the mainland but is generally much lower.[4]

The species was also introduced to the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean at the end of 2012 or the beginning of 2013, where its population has since greatly increased and spread across the entire island.[5]
Behavior
Feeding

The bare-eyed pigeon does most of its foraging in trees and shrubs but also feeds on the ground. Its diet is seeds and fruits of trees, vines, and cultivated crops.[4]
Breeding

The bare-eyed pigeon's breeding cycle appears to be triggered by rain. The nest is a fragile platform of twigs in a tree or shrub. It is so thin that the species' single egg can be seen through it from below.[4]
Vocalization

Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.

Songs and calls
Listen to bare-eyed pigeon on xeno-canto

The bare-eyed pigeon's song is "a rhythmic series of coos...rwhoh...woh-hu-whOAh...woh-hu-whOAh..woh-hu-whOAh...".[4]
Status

The IUCN has assessed the bare-eyed pigeon as being of Least Concern.[1] It is "[h]eavily hunted and therefore shy and timid, but appears to be relatively secure."[4]
References

BirdLife International (2016). "Bare-eyed Pigeon Patagioenas corensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
Baptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, H. M. Horblit, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Bare-eyed Pigeon (Patagioenas corensis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.baepig2.01 retrieved September 13, 2021
Cambrone, Christopher; Levesque, Anthony; Cézilly, Frank (2024-07-30). "Using Citizen Science and Field Surveys to Document the Introduction, Establishment, and Rapid Spread of the Bare-Eyed Pigeon, Patagioenas corensis, on the Island of Saint-Martin, West Indies". Biology. 13 (8): 585. doi:10.3390/biology13080585. ISSN 2079-7737. PMC 11351522.

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