Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Olfactores
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Cladus: Sarcopterygii
Cladus: Rhipidistia
Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha
Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes
Cladus: Elpistostegalia
Superclassis: Tetrapoda
Cladus: Reptiliomorpha
Cladus: Amniota
Cladus: Synapsida
Cladus: Eupelycosauria
Cladus: Metopophora
Cladus: Haptodontiformes
Cladus: Sphenacomorpha
Cladus: Sphenacodontia
Cladus: Pantherapsida
Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea
Cladus: Therapsida
Cladus: Theriodontia
Cladus: Eutheriodontia
Cladus: Cynodontia
Cladus: Epicynodontia
Cladus: Eucynodontia
Cladus: Probainognathia
Cladus: Prozostrodontia
Cladus: Mammaliamorpha
Cladus: Mammaliaformes
Classis: Mammalia
Cladus: Theriimorpha
Cladus: Theriiformes
Cladus: Trechnotheria
Cladus: Cladotheria
Cladus: Prototribosphenida
Cladus: Zatheria
Cladus: Tribosphenida
Subclassis: Theria
Cladus: Eutheria
Infraclassis: Placentalia
Magnordo: Boreoeutheria
Superordo: Laurasiatheria
Cladus: Scrotifera
Grandordo: Ferungulata
Mirordo: Ferae
Cladus: Pan-Carnivora
Cladus: Carnivoramorpha
Cladus: Carnivoraformes
Ordo: Carnivora
Subordo: Caniformia
Infraordo: Arctoidea
Parvordo: Mustelida
Superfamilia: Musteloidea
Familia: Mustelidae
Subfamilia: Guloninae
Genera (4): Eira – Gulo – Martes – Pekania
Name
Guloninae Gray, 1825
References
Gray, J.E. 1825. A synopsis of the genera of Cirripedes arranged in natural families, with a description of some new species. Annals of Philosophy new series 10: 97–107. BHL Reference page.
Guloninae[2][3] is a subfamily of the mammal family Mustelidae distributed across Eurasia and the Americas. It includes martens, fishers, tayras, and the wolverine.[2][3] These genera were formerly included within a paraphyletic definition of the mustelid subfamily Mustelinae.[4]
Most gulonine species are arboreal to a degree. Some of the fashion furs come from this subfamily, e.g. sable, marten.[5]
Species
Extant species
| Tribe | Image | Genus | Living species |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gulonini |  |
Eira Hamilton Smith, 1842 |
|
 |
Gulo Pallas, 1780 |
|
|
| Martini |  |
Martes Pinel, 1792 (martens) |
|
 |
Pekania Gray, 1865 |
|
Extinct genera
†Aragonictis Valenciano et al., 2022[6] - Middle Miocene Europe
A. araid
†Circamustela Petter, 1967[6] - Middle to Late Miocene Spain and Germany
C. dechaseauxi[7]
C. hartmanni[8]
C. peignei[9]
C.? laevidens[10]
†Dehmictis Ginsburg and Morales, 1992[6] - Early Miocene Europe
†Eiricitis [11] - Early Pliocene Asia
E. pachygnatha
†Laphictis Viret, 1933[6]
†Ischyrictis Helbing, 1930[6]
†Plesiogulo? Zdansky, 1924[12][11] - Middle Miocene to Pliocene
P. brachygnathus (Schlosser, 1903)
P. botori Haile-Selassie, Hlusko & Howell, 2004
P. crassa Teilhard de Chardin, 1945
P. marshalli (Martin, 1928)
P. lindsayi Harrison, 1981
P. monspessulanus Viret, 1939
P. praecocidens Kurtén, 1970
†Sinictis Zdansky, 1924[6]
S. dolichognathus
†Sminthosinis Bjork, 1970[11] - Middle Miocene North America
S. bowleri
References
Gray, J.E. (1825). "Outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe". Annals of Philosophy. New Series. 10: 337–344.
Nascimento, F. O. do (2014). "On the correct name for some subfamilies of Mustelidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 54 (21): 307–313. doi:10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.21.
Law, C. J.; Slater, G. J.; Mehta, R. S. (2018-01-01). "Lineage Diversity and Size Disparity in Musteloidea: Testing Patterns of Adaptive Radiation Using Molecular and Fossil-Based Methods". Systematic Biology. 67 (1): 127–144. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syx047. PMID 28472434.
Koepfli KP, Deere KA, Slater GJ, et al. (2008). "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation". BMC Biol. 6: 4–5. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10. PMC 2276185. PMID 18275614.
"History of Fur in Fashion: Introduction". 4 December 2011.
Valenciano, A.; Morales, J.; et al. (January 2022). "Aragonictis araid, gen. et sp. nov., a small-sized hypercarnivore (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the upper middle Miocene of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (5): e2005615. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.2005615.
Petter, G (1667). "Mustélidés nouveaux du Vallésien de Catalogne". Annales de Paléontologie. 53: 93–113.
Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Valenciano, Alberto; Abella, Juan; Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Lechner, Thomas; Böhme, Madelaine (2022-07-13). "The exceptionally high diversity of small carnivorans from the Late Miocene hominid locality of Hammerschmiede (Bavaria, Germany)". PLOS ONE. 17 (7): e0268968. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1768968K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268968. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 9278789. PMID 35830447.
Valenciano, Alberto; Pérez-Ramos, Alejandro; Abella, Juan; Morales, Jorge (2020-04-02). "A new hypercarnivorous mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Batallones, late Miocene (MN10), Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain". Geodiversitas. 42 (8): 103. Bibcode:2020Geodv..42..103V. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a8. ISSN 1280-9659.
Dehm, Richard (1950). "Die Raubtiere aus dem Mittel-Miocän (Burdigalium) von Wintershof-West bei Eichstätt in Bayern" (PDF). Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (58): 1–141 – via Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Samuels, Joshua X.; Bredehoeft, Keila E.; Wallace, Steven C. (2018-04-18). "A new species of Gulo from the Early Pliocene Gray Fossil Site (Eastern United States); rethinking the evolution of wolverines". PeerJ. 6: e4648. doi:10.7717/peerj.4648. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5910791. PMID 29682423.
Valenciano, Alberto; Govender, Romala (2020-06-01). "New insights into the giant mustelids (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Langebaanweg fossil site (West Coast Fossil Park, South Africa, early Pliocene)". PeerJ. 8: e9221. doi:10.7717/peerj.9221. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7271888. PMID 32547866.
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