Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Caenogastropoda
Ordo: Neogastropoda
Superfamilia: Volutoidea
Familia: Volutidae
Subfamilia: Cymbiinae
Tribus: Alcithoini
Genus: Alcithoe
Alcithoe is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.[1]
Description
Alcithoe are large, benthic neogastropod marine snails.[2] Species are predators, and all taxa undergo direct development.[3]
The shell is ovately fusiform. The spire is produced. The apex is papillary. The aperture is ovate and wide. The inner lip shows a spreading callus. The outer lip is dilated and subreflexed. [4]
Distribution
Alcithoe species are found in seas surrounding New Zealand.[2][3][5] There is a rich fossil record for the genus.[6][5]
Species
Species within the genus Alcithoe include:[2][6][1]
Alcithoe aillaudorum(Ph. Bouchet & G. T. Poppe, 1988)
Alcithoe albescens Bail & Limpus, 2005
Alcithoe arabica (Gmelin, 1791)
† Alcithoe arabicula Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe bacchanalia L. C. King, 1934
† Alcithoe bartrumi L. C. King, 1933
† Alcithoe bathgatei Finlay, 1926
Alcithoe benthicola (Dell, 1963)
† Alcithoe brevis Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe bulbus (Marwick, 1931)
† Alcithoe callaghani (L. C. King, 1931)
Alcithoe colesae Bail & Limpus, 2005
† Alcithoe concisa Marwick, 1931
† Alcithoe cylindrica Marwick, 1926
Alcithoe davegibbsi (Hart, 1999)
† Alcithoe dilatata Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe dyscrita Finlay, 1926
† Alcithoe exigua Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe familiaris Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe finlayi Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe firma (Marwick, 1926)
Alcithoe fissurata (Dell, 1963)
Alcithoe flemingi Dell, 1978
Alcithoe fusus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
† Alcithoe gatesi Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe gravicostata L. C. King, 1931
† Alcithoe haweraensis Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe hurupiensis Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe irregularis Marwick, 1926
Alcithoe jaculoides Powell, 1924 - synonym: Alcithoe calva Powell, 1928
Alcithoe larochei Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe lepida Marwick, 1926
Alcithoe lutea (Watson, 1882)
† Alcithoe marlburiana L. C. King, 1934
† Alcithoe murdochi (Marwick, 1926)
† Alcithoe nodulifera Laws, 1935
† Alcithoe parva Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe phymatias Finlay, 1926
† Alcithoe pinguella (Marwick, 1931)
† Alcithoe powelli (Laws, 1936)
Alcithoe pseudolutea Bail & Limpus, 2005
† Alcithoe regularis Finlay, 1926
† Alcithoe renwicki (Marwick, 1928)
† Alcithoe resolutionis C. A. Fleming, 1954
† Alcithoe rugosa (Marwick, 1926)
† Alcithoe scitula Marwick, 1926
† Alcithoe scopi Marwick, 1926
Alcithoe seelyeorum Bail & Limpus, 2005
† Alcithoe solida Marwick, 1926
Alcithoe tigrina Bail & Limpus, 2005
Alcithoe triregensis Bail & Limpus, 2005
† Alcithoe turrita (Suter, 1917)
† Alcithoe uptonensis L. C. King, 1934
†Alcithoe wangaloaensis Stilwell, 2016
† Alcithoe whakinoensis Marwick, 1926
Alcithoe wilsonae (Powell, 1933)
Synonyms
† Alcithoe acuta Marwick, 1926: synonym of Alcithoe arabica (Gmelin, 1791) (junior subjective synonym)
† Alcithoe amundseni Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992: synonym of † Odontocymbiola amundseni (Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992) † (superseded combination)
† Alcithoe armigera Marwick, 1926: synonym of † Alcithoe cylindrica Marwick, 1926 (junior subjective synonym)
Alcithoe calva Powell, 1928: synonym of Alcithoe jaculoides Powell, 1924
Alcithoe chathamensis (Dell, 1956): synonym of Alcithoe wilsonae (Powell, 1933)
† Alcithoe compressa Marwick, 1926 † synonym of † Alcithoe cylindrica Marwick, 1926 (junior subjective synonym)
† Alcithoe detrita Marwick, 1926: synonym of Alcithoe arabica (Gmelin, 1791) (junior subjective synonym)
Alcithoe grahami (Powell, 1965): synonym of Alcithoe wilsonae (Powell, 1933)
Alcithoe haurakiensis Dell, 1956: synonym of Alcithoe fusus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
Alcithoe hedleyi (Murdoch & Suter, 1906): synonym of Alcithoe fusus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
Alcithoe johnstoni Powell, 1928: synonym of Alcithoe jaculoides Powell, 1924
Alcithoe knoxi (Dell, 1956): synonym of Alcithoe wilsonae (Powell, 1933)[5]
† Alcithoe lutea Marwick, 1924: synonym of Alcithoe arabica (Gmelin, 1791) (junior secondary homonym and synonym)
† Alcithoe mackayi Marwick, 1926: synonym of Alcithoe brevis Marwick, 1926 (junior subjective synonym)
Alcithoe motutaraensis Powell, 1928: synonym of Alcithoe arabica (Gmelin, 1791)
† Alcithoe oliveri Marwick, 1926: synonym of Mauira oliveri (Marwick, 1926)
Alcithoe ostenfeldi (Iredale, 1937): synonym of Alcithoe larochei ostenfeldi (Iredale, 1937)
Alcithoe pacifica (Perry, 1810): synonym of Alcithoe arabica (Gmelin, 1791)
Alcithoe swainsoni Marwick, 1926: synonym of Alcithoe arabica (Gmelin, 1791)
Alcithoe swainsoni motutarensis Powell, 1928: synonym of Alcithoe arabica (Gmelin, 1791)
References
Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "Alcithoe H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382339 on 2016-02-04
Powell, A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
Hills, Simon F. K.; Trewick, Steven A.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2011). "Phylogenetic information of genes, illustrated with mitochondrial data from a genus of gastropod molluscs". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 104 (4): 770–785. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01756.x.
Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
Hills, Simon F. K.; Crampton, James S.; Trewick, Steven A.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2012). "DNA and Morphology Unite Two Species and 10 Million Year Old Fossils". PLOS ONE. 7 (12): e52083. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...752083H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052083. PMC 3527379. PMID 23284880.
Beu, A. G. & Maxwell, P. A. (1990). "Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand". New Zealand Geological Survey Bulletin. 58.
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