Bryopsidales

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Chlorophyta
Subphylum: Chlorophytina
Classis: Ulvophyceae
Ordo: Bryopsidales

Subordines: Bryopsidineae – Halimedineae – Ostreobineae

Familiae: †Anchicodiaceae – Bryopsidaceae - Caulerpaceae - Chaetosiphonaceae - Codiaceae - Derbesiaceae - Dichtomosiphonaceae – †Dimorphosiphonaceae – †Gymnocodiaceae – Halimedaceae - Ostreobiaceae – †Protohalimedaceae – Pseudobryopsidaceae – †Pseudoudoteaceae

Genera (familia incertae sedis): †Buthograptus – †Cauculicula – †Earltonella – †Inocladus – †Manitobia – †Palaeosiphonella – †Patrunovia – †Spongioporella – †Thalassocystis – †Uraloclibeca – †Walcottophycus – †Winnipegia
Name

Bryopsidales Haeckel, Syst. Phyl. Protisten Pfl. 1: 131. 1894 (“Bryopsideae”)

Type: Bryopsidaceae Bory, 1829

Synonyms

Codiales Horan., Char. Ess. Fam.: 231. 1847
Caulerpales Schimp., Traité Paléontol. Vég. 1: 158. 1869 (“Caulerpaceae”)
Udoteales G.Murray, Introd. Stud. Seaweeds: 137. 1895 (“Udoteaceae”)
Derbesiales Feldmann in 8ème Congr. Inter. Bot. Paris, 1954, Rapp. Comm. Sect. 17: 97. 1955
Dichotomosiphonales Feldmann in 8ème Congr. Inter. Bot. Paris, 1954, Rapp. Comm. Sect. 17: 97. 1955

References
Primary references

Haeckel, E. 1894. Systematische Phylogenie der Protisten und Pflanzen. Erster Theil des Entwurfs einer systematischen Stammesgeschichte. pp. [i]–xvi, [1]–400. Berlin: Georg Reimer. DOI: 10.3931/e-rara-72554 Open access. Reference page.
Horaninow, P. 1847. Characteres essentiales familiarum, ac tribuum regni vegetabilis et amphorganici ad leges tetractydis naturae conscripti accedit enumeratio generum magis notorum et organographiae supplementum. VIII+301 pp. Typis K. Wienhöberianis, Petropoli [St. Petersburg]. BHL Reference page.
Murray, G. 1895. An Introduction to the Study of Seaweeds. London: Macmillan. BHL Reference page.
Cremen, C.M., Leliaert, F., West, J.[A.], Lam, D.W., Shimada, S., Lopez-Bautista, J.M. & Verbruggen, H. 2019. Reassessment of the classification of Bryopsidales (Chlorophyta) based on chloroplast phylogenomic analyses. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 397–405. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.09.009 Reference page.

Additional references

Schaffner, J.H. 1922. The classification of plants. XII. Ohio Journal of Science 22: 129–139. BHL Reference page. : 133, 136

Links

Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2023. Bryopsidales. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Accessed 2023-08-27.

Vernacular names
English: Bryopsidales
日本語: ハネモ目
русский: Бриопсидовые

Bryopsidales is an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae.[1]
Characteristics

The thallus is filamentous, highly branched, and may be packed into a mass. It is coenocytic, having multi-nucleate cells consisting of cytoplasm contained within a cylindrical cell wall. There are no septae, and the many discoid chloroplasts, nuclei and other organelles are free to move through the organism. The whole organism may consist of a single cell; in the genus Caulerpa, this singe cell may be several metres across. In the genus Halimeda, whole seabed meadows may consist of an individual, single-celled organism connected by filamentous threads running through the substrate.[2]
Reproduction

Propagation is normally vegetative from small fragments which grow into new individuals. Under certain conditions, sexual reproduction occurs in a process called holocarpy. Almost all of the cytoplasm in the thallus is converted into biflagellate gametes, which are discharged into the sea through papillae. After fertilisation, the zygote becomes a protonema and this, in turn, develops into a new thallus.[2][3]
References

Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2007). "Order: Bryopsidales taxonomy browser". AlgaeBase version 4.2 World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Retrieved 2007-09-23.
Day, Robert (1996). "The Cell Biology of the Bryopsidales". Seascope. 13.
Overview of the Genus Caulerpa Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine Proceedings of the International Caulerpa taxifolia Conference, 2002.