Alyssum

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Orthokaryota
Cladus: Neokaryota
Cladus: Photokaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: CAM
Regnum*: Archaeplastida
Regnum: Plantae
Regnum*: Viridiplantae
Cladus: Streptophyta
Cladus: Phragmoplastophyta
Cladus: Embryophyta
Cladus: Polysporangiophyta
Divisio*: Tracheophyta
Cladus: Eutracheophyta
Cladus: Euphyllophytina
Cladus: Megaphylla
Cladus: Radiatopses
Cladus: Lignophyta
Cladus: Metalignophyta
Diviso*: Spermatophyta
Classis*: Angiospermae
Cladus: Mesangiospermae
Cladus: Eudicota
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Brassicales

Familia: Brassicaceae
Subfamilia: Brassicoideae
Tribus: Alysseae
Genus: Alyssum
Sectiones: A. sect. Alyssum – A. sect. Gamosepalum – A. sect. Psilonema
Species: A. aizoides – A. alyssoides – A. amasianum – A. andinum – A. argyrophyllum – A. armenum – A. artwinense – A. atlanticum – A. aurantiacum – A. austrodalmaticum – A. bargalense – A. baumgartnerianum – A. blancheanum – A. bornmuelleri – A. bosniacum – A. brughieri – A. bulbotrichum – A. cacuminum – A. caespitosum – A. calycocarpum – A. cephalotes – A. clausonis – A. contemptum – A. corningii – A. cuneifolium – A. dagestanicum – A. damascenum – A. dasycarpum – A. decoloratum – A. diffusum – A. djurdjurae – A. doerfleri – A. dubertretii – A. embergeri – A. erosulum – A. fastigiatum – A. flahaultianum – A. flexicaule – A. foliosum – A. fulvescens – A. gallaecicum – A. gmelinii – A. granatense – A. gustavssonii – A. gymnopodum – A. hajastanum – A. hakaszkii – A. handelii – A. harputicum – A. hezarmasjedense – A. hirsutum – A. idaeum – A. iljinskae – A. iranicum – A. kavadarcense – A. kaynakiae – A. lanceolatum – A. lassiticum – A. lenense – A. lepidoto-stellatum – A. lepidotum – A. loiseleurii – A. lycaonicum – A. macrocalyx – A. macropodum – A. minutum – A. misirdalianum – A. moellendorfianum – A. montanum – A. mouradicum – A. mozaffarianii – A. muelleri – A. neglectum – A. nezaketiae – A. niveum – A. numidicum – A. ochroleucum – A. odoratum – A. orophilum – A. oschtenicum – A. paphlagonicum – A. patulum – A. persicum – A. pirinicum – A. pluscanescens – A. pogonocarpum – A. praecox – A. propinquum – A. pseudomouradicum – A. pulvinare – A. reiseri – A. repens – A. rhodanense – A. rostratum – A. scutigerum – A. siculum – A. simplex – A. simulans – A. smyrnaeum – A. sphacioticum – A. stapfii – A. stribrnyi – A. strictum – A. strigosum – A. sulphureum – A. szovitsianum – A. taygeteum – A. tetrastemon – A. thymops – A. tortuosum – A. trichocarpum – A. trichostachyum – A. turkestanicum – A. umbellatum – A. wierzbickii – A. wulfenianum – A. xanthocarpum

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A. alpestre - A. alyssoides - A. argenteum - A. strigosum - A. szovitsianum - - A. tortuosum - A. umbellatum - A. wulfenianum - A. xanthocarpum

Name

Alyssum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 650 (1753).

Type species: Alyssum montanum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 650 (1753).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Adyseton Adans., Fam. Pl. (Adanson) 2: 420 (1763).
Alysson Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2. 15 (1769) nom. illeg. orth. var.
Moenchia Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 273 (1788) nom. illeg. hom. vide Moenchia Ehrh., Neues Mag. Aerzte 5(3): 203 (-204) (1783) nom. cons. (Caryophyllaceae)
Gamosepalum Hausskn., Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins n.s., 11: 73 (1897).
Psilonema C.A.Mey., in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 50 (1831).

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 650. Reference page.

Additional references

Dudley, T.R. 1964. Synopsis of the genus Alyssum. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 45(3): 358–373. JSTOR Reference page.
Li, Y., Feng, Y., Lv, G., Liu, B. & Qi, A. 2015. The phylogeny of Alyssum (Brassicaceae) inferred from molecular data. Nordic Journal of Botany 33(6): 715–721. DOI: 10.1111/njb.00588 Paywall ResearchGate Reference page.
Rešetnik, I., Satovic, Z., Schneeweiss, G.M. & Liber, Z. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships in Brassicaceae tribe Alysseae inferred from nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69(3): 772-786. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.026 PDF Reference page.
Španiel, S., Kempa, M., Salmerón-Sánchez, E., Fuertes-Aguilar, J., Mota, J.F., Al-Shehbaz, I.A., German, D.A., Olšavská, K., Šingliarová, B., Zozomová-Lihová, J. & Marhold, K. 2015. AlyBase: database of names, chromosome numbers, and ploidy levels of Alysseae (Brassicaceae), with a new generic concept of the tribe. Plant Systematics and Evolution 301(10): 2463–2491. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-015-1257-3 PDF. Reference page.

Links

Koch, M.A. et al. 2019. Alyssum in BrassiBase Tools and biological resources to study characters and traits in the Brassicaceae. Published online. Accessed: 2019 May 09.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Alyssum. Published online. Accessed: May 09 2019. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2019. Alyssum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 09 May 2019.

Vernacular names
العربية: أليس
azərbaycanca: Çuğundurot
čeština: tařinka
dansk: Krognål
Deutsch: Steinkräuter
eesti: Kilbirohi
فارسی: قدومه
suomi: Kilpiruohot
Gaeilge: Alasam
עברית: אליסון
hornjoserbsce: Sadlička
հայերեն: Վառվռուկ
italiano: Alisso
日本語: ミヤマナズナ属
қазақша: Жауылша
lietuvių: Laibenis
latviešu: Alise (augs)
Nederlands: Schildzaad
polski: Smagliczka
русский: Бурачок
slovenčina: tarica
svenska: Stenörter
тоҷикӣ: Чашми Булбул
Türkçe: Kuduz otu, Deli otu
українська: Бурачок
Tiếng Việt: Hoa ngàn sao
中文: 庭荠属

Alyssum is a genus of over a hundred species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region. The genus comprises annual and perennial herbaceous plants or (rarely) small shrubs, growing to 10–100 cm tall, with oblong-oval leaves. Alyssum flowers are characteristically small and grouped in terminal clusters;[1] they are often yellow or white colored but can be pink or purple.

The genera Lobularia, Aurinia and Odontarrhena are closely related to Alyssum and were formerly included in it. The widely cultivated species popularly known as "sweet alyssum" (Alyssum maritimum) is Lobularia maritima. The common rockery plant (Alyssum saxatile) is Aurinia saxatilis.

Alyssum foliage is used as food by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera, including the Gem (Orthonama obstipata). However, rabbits will not eat it.[2]
Species
Accepted

The following is a list of accepted species. Unless noted otherwise, it follows AlyBase.[3] An asterisk indicates provisionally accepted names.

Alyssum aizoides
Alyssum alyssoides
Alyssum andinum
Alyssum argyrophyllum
Alyssum armenum
Alyssum artwinense
Alyssum atlanticum
Alyssum aurantiacum
Alyssum austrodalmaticum
Alyssum bargalense*
Alyssum baumgartnerianum
Alyssum blancheanum
Alyssum bornmuelleri
Alyssum bosniacum
Alyssum bulbotrichum
Alyssum cacuminum
Alyssum caespitosum
Alyssum calycocarpum*
Alyssum cephalotes
Alyssum clausonis*
Alyssum collinum
Alyssum contemptum
Alyssum corningii
Alyssum cuneifolium
Alyssum dagestanicum
Alyssum damascenum
Alyssum dasycarpum
Alyssum decoloratum*
Alyssum diffusum
Alyssum djurdjurae
Alyssum doerfleri
Alyssum embergeri*
Alyssum erosulum
Alyssum fastigiatum
Alyssum flahaultianum*
Alyssum flexicaule
Alyssum foliosum
Alyssum fulvescens
Alyssum gallaecicum
Alyssum gmelinii
Alyssum granatense
Alyssum gustavssonii
Alyssum hajastanum
Alyssum handelii
Alyssum harputicum
Alyssum hezarmasjedense
Alyssum hirsutum
Alyssum idaeum
Alyssum iljinskae
Alyssum iranicum
Alyssum kaynakiae
Alyssum kotovii*
Alyssum lanceolatum
Alyssum lassiticum
Alyssum lenense
Alyssum lepidoto-stellatum
Alyssum lepidotum
Alyssum loiseleurii
Alyssum lycaonicum
Alyssum macrocalyx
Alyssum macropodum
Alyssum minutum
Alyssum misirdalianum
Alyssum moellendorfianum
Alyssum montanum
Alyssum mouradicum
Alyssum muelleri
Alyssum neglectum
Alyssum nezaketiae*
Alyssum niveum*
Alyssum numidicum*
Alyssum ochroleucum
Alyssum orophilum
Alyssum oschtenicum*
Alyssum paphlagonicum
Alyssum patulum*
Alyssum persicum
Alyssum pirinicum
Alyssum pluscanescens
Alyssum pogonocarpum
Alyssum praecox
Alyssum propinquum
Alyssum pseudomouradicum
Alyssum pulvinare
Alyssum reiseri
Alyssum repens
Alyssum rhodanense
Alyssum rossetii
Alyssum rostratum
Alyssum scutigerum
Alyssum siculum
Alyssum simplex
Alyssum simulans
Alyssum smyrnaeum
Alyssum speciosum*
Alyssum sphacioticum
Alyssum stapfii
Alyssum stenostachyum*
Alyssum stribrnyi
Alyssum strictum
Alyssum strigosum
Alyssum sulphureum
Alyssum szovitsianum
Alyssum taygeteum
Alyssum tetrastemon
Alyssum thymops
Alyssum trichocarpum
Alyssum trichostachyum
Alyssum turkestanicum
Alyssum umbellatum
Alyssum vernale
Alyssum wierzbickii
Alyssum wulfenianum
Alyssum xanthocarpum

Formerly included

The following names are listed by World Flora Online as accepted (as of the end of 2021),[4] but in AlyBase[3] have either been assigned to different genera (typically based on molecular phylogeny studies) or have been reduced to synonymy. A question mark indicates doubtful synonyms or species names with unresolved taxonomic status.

Alyssum akamasicum B.L.Burtt → Odontarrhena akamasica
Alyssum algeriense Pomel → Alyssum granatense?
Alyssum alpestre L. → Odontarrhena alpestris
Alyssum anamense Velen. → Odontarrhena singarensis?
Alyssum anatolicum Hausskn. ex Nyár. → Odontarrhena anatolica
Alyssum antiatlanticum Emb. & Maire → Cuprella antiatlantica
Alyssum arabicum (Boiss.) T.Durand & Schinz → Lobularia arabica
Alyssum argenteum All. → Odontarrhena argentea
Alyssum aureum (Fenzl) Boiss. → Meniocus aureus
Alyssum bertolonii Desv. → Odontarrhena bertolonii
Alyssum blepharocarpum T.R.Dudley & Hub.-Mor. → Meniocus blepharocarpus
Alyssum bracteatum Boiss. & Buhse → Odontarrhena bracteata
Alyssum brughieri? Brein ex Colla
Alyssum caliacrae Nyár. → Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. caliacrae
Alyssum callichroum Boiss. & Balansa → Odontarrhena callichroa
Alyssum caricum T.R.Dudley & Hub.-Mor. → Odontarrhena carica
Alyssum cassium Boiss. → Odontarrhena cassia
Alyssum chondrogynum B.L.Burtt → Odontarrhena chondrogyna
Alyssum cilicicum Boiss. & Balansa → Odontarrhena cilicica
Alyssum cochleatum Coss. & Durieu → Hormathophylla cochleata
Alyssum condensatum Boiss. & Hausskn. → Odontarrhena condensata
Alyssum constellatum Boiss. → Odontarrhena constellata
Alyssum corsicum Duby → Odontarrhena corsica
Alyssum corymbosoides Formánek → Odontarrhena corymbosoidea
Alyssum crenulatum Boiss. & Heldr. → Odontarrhena crenulata
Alyssum curetum Gand. → Alyssum idaeum
Alyssum cypricum Nyár. → Odontarrhena cyprica
Alyssum davisianum T.R.Dudley → Odontarrhena davisiana
Alyssum davisianum T.R.Dudley → Odontarrhena davisiana
Alyssum debarense Micevski → Odontarrhena debarensis
Alyssum degenianum Nyár. → Odontarrhena muralis
Alyssum densistellatum T.R.Dudley → Alyssum montanum s.l.
Alyssum desertorum Stapf → Alyssum turkestanicum
Alyssum dimorphosepalum Eig → Alyssum iranicum
Alyssum discolor T.R.Dudley & Hub.-Mor. → Odontarrhena discolor
Alyssum dubertretii Gomb. → Odontarrhena dubertretii
Alyssum dudleyi Adıgüzel & R.D.Reeves → Odontarrhena dudleyi
Alyssum emarginatum (Boiss.) Rouy → Bornmuellera emarginata
Alyssum erigens Jord. & Fourr. → Alyssum vernale
Alyssum eriophyllum Boiss. & Hausskn. → Odontarrhena eriophylla
Alyssum euboeum Halácsy → Odontarrhena euboea
Alyssum fallacinum Hausskn. → Odontarrhena heldreichii
Alyssum fedtschenkoanum N.Busch → Odontarrhena fedtschenkoana
Alyssum filiforme Nyár. → Odontarrhena filiformis
Alyssum floribundum Boiss. & Balansa → Odontarrhena floribunda
Alyssum fragillimum (Bald.) Rech.f. → Odontarrhena fragillima
Alyssum gadorense P.Küpfer → Alyssum fastigiatum
Alyssum gehamense Fed. → Odontarrhena gehamensis
Alyssum gevgelicense Micevski → Odontarrhena gevgelicensis
Alyssum giosnanum Nyár. → Odontarrhena giosnana
Alyssum globosum (Desv.) Kuntze → Physaria globosa
Alyssum gymnopodum P.A.Smirn. → Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. cretacea
Alyssum hakaszkii Nyár. → Odontarrhena obovata
Alyssum haussknechtii Boiss. → Odontarrhena haussknechtii
Alyssum heldreichii Hausskn. → Odontarrhena heldreichii
Alyssum heterotrichum Boiss. → Meniocus heterotrichus
Alyssum homalocarpum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Boiss. → Cuprella homalocarpa
Alyssum huber-morathii T.R.Dudley → Odontarrhena huber-morathii
Alyssum huetii Boiss. → Meniocus huetii
Alyssum kavadarcense Micevski → Odontarrhena kavadarcensis
Alyssum klimesii Al-Shehbaz → Ladakiella klimesii
Alyssum kurdicum (Boiss.) Nyár. → Odontarrhena kurdica
Alyssum lanigerum DC. → Odontarrhena lanigera
Alyssum leiocarpum Pomel → Alyssum minutum
Alyssum lesbiacum (P.Candargy) Rech.f. → Odontarrhena lesbiaca
Alyssum libanoticum Nyár. → Odontarrhena libanotica
Alyssum linifolium Stephan ex Willd. → Meniocus linifolius
Alyssum longistylum (Sommier & Levier) Grossh. → Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. tortuosa
Alyssum luteolum Pomel → Alyssum granatense?
Alyssum markgrafii O.E.Schulz → Odontarrhena markgrafii
Alyssum masmenaeum Boiss. → Odontarrhena masmenaea
Alyssum mazandaranicum Mirzadeh & Assadi → Alyssum turkestanicum
Alyssum meniocoides Boiss. → Meniocus meniocoides
Alyssum microphylliforme Nyár. → Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. tortuosa?
Alyssum mozaffarianii Kavousi → Odontarrhena mozaffarianii
Alyssum mughlaei Orcan → Odontarrhena mughlaei
Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. → Odontarrhena muralis
Alyssum musilii Velen. → Cuprella homalocarpa
Alyssum nebrodense Tineo → Odontarrhena nebrodensis
Alyssum obovatum (C.A.Mey.) Turcz. → Odontarrhena obovata
Alyssum obtusifolium Steven ex DC. → Odontarrhena obtusifolia
Alyssum odoratum? Colla
Alyssum orbelicum Ančev & Uzunov → Odontarrhena orbelica
Alyssum orbiculare (Regel) Nyár. → Odontarrhena obovata
Alyssum ovirense A.Kern. → Alyssum wulfenianum subsp. ovirense
Alyssum oxycarpum Boiss. & Balansa → Odontarrhena oxycarpa
Alyssum pateri Nyár. → Odontarrhena pateri
Alyssum peltarioides Boiss. → Odontarrhena peltarioidea
Alyssum penjwinense T.R.Dudley → Odontarrhena penjwinensis
Alyssum pinifolium (Nyár.) T.R.Dudley → Odontarrhena pinifolia
Alyssum polycladum Rech.f. → Odontarrhena polyclada
Alyssum pterocarpum T.R.Dudley → Odontarrhena pterocarpa
Alyssum robertianum Bernard ex Gren. & Godr. → Odontarrhena robertiana
Alyssum samariferum Boiss. & Hausskn. → Odontarrhena samarifera
Alyssum samium T.R.Dudley & Christod. → Odontarrhena samia
Alyssum scardicum Wettst. → Alyssum montanum s.l.
Alyssum sergievskajae Krasnob. → Stevenia sergievskajae
Alyssum serpentinum Micevski → Odontarrhena serpentina
Alyssum serpyllifolium Desf. → Odontarrhena serpyllifolia
Alyssum sibiricum Willd. → Odontarrhena sibirica
Alyssum singarense Boiss. & Hausskn. → Odontarrhena singarensis
Alyssum skopjense Micevski → Odontarrhena skopjensis
Alyssum smolikanum Nyár. → Odontarrhena smolikana
Alyssum spruneri Jord. & Fourr. → Alyssum montanum s.l.
Alyssum stipitatum Kavousi & T.R.Dudley → Odontarrhena stipitata
Alyssum stylare (Boiss. & Balansa) Boiss. → Meniocus stylaris
Alyssum subbaicalicum Nyár. → Odontarrhena obovata
Alyssum subspinosum T.R.Dudley → Odontarrhena subspinosa
Alyssum syriacum Nyár. → Odontarrhena syriaca
Alyssum szarabiacum Nyár. → Odontarrhena szarabiaca
Alyssum tavolarae Briq. → Odontarrhena tavolarae
Alyssum tenium Halácsy → Odontarrhena diffusa
Alyssum tenuifolium Stephan ex Willd. → Stevenia tenuifolia
Alyssum tortuosum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. → Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. tortuosa
Alyssum trapeziforme Bornm. ex Nyár. → Odontarrhena trapeziformis
Alyssum troodi Boiss. → Odontarrhena troodi
Alyssum turgidum T.R.Dudley → Odontarrhena turgida
Alyssum virgatum Nyár. → Odontarrhena virgata

References

"Alyssum". The Macmillan Encyclopedia.
"Home". Garden Guides.
Španiel, S.; Kempa, M.; Salmerón-Sánchez, E.; Fuertes-Aguilar, J.; Francisco Mota, J.; Al-Shehbaz, I.A.; German, D.A.; Olšavská, K.; Šingliarová, B.; Zozomová-Lihová, J.; Marhold, K. "AlyBase – database of names, chromosome numbers, and ploidy levels of Alysseae (Brassicaceae)". Retrieved 27 December 2021.
"Alyssum L." World Flora Online. Retrieved 27 December 2021.