Anthoxanthum

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Poeae
Subtribus: Anthoxanthinae
Genus: Anthoxanthum
Species: A. aethiopicum – A. amarum – A. arcticum – A. aristatum – A. australe – A. borii – A. brevifolium – A. brunonis – A. cupreum – A. davidsei – A. dregeanum – A. ecklonii – A. equisetum – A. flexuosum – A. fraseri – A. fuscum – A. glabrum – A. gracile – A. hookeri – A. horsfieldii – A. japonicum – A. juncifolium – A. khasianum – A. laxum – A. madagascariense – A. mexicanum – A. monticola – A. nipponicum – A. nitens – A. nivale – A. novae-zelandiae – A. occidentale – A. odoratum – A. ovatum – A. pallidum – A. pluriflorum – A. potaninii – A. pusillum – A. quebrada – A. racemosum – A. rariflorum – A. recurvatum – A. redolens – A. repens – A. sikkimense – A. spicatum – A. submuticum – A. tibeticum – A. tongo – A. utriculatum – A. wendelboi

Name

Anthoxanthum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 28 (1753)

Type species: Anthoxanthum odoratum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 28 (1753)

Synonyms

Homotypic
Foenodorum E.H.L.Krause, Naturwiss. Wochenschr. 10: 220 (1911), nom. superfl.
Heterotypic
Flavia Heist. ex Fabr., Enum.: 206 (1759)
Savastana Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 100, 337 (1789), nom. rej. nom. rej., non Savastania Scop. (1777) vide Tibouchina Aubl.
Torresia Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Prodr.: 125 (1794), nom. rej.
Disarrenum Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl. 2: 82 (1806).
Hierochloe R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 208 (1810), nom. cons.
Disarrhenum P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 62 (1812).
Dimesia Raf., Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 442 (1817), nom. superfl.
Ataxia R.Br., Chlor. Melvill.: 35 (1823)
Xanthonanthos St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 119. (1880)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Temp. & Subtropical to Tropical Mountains.
Afghanistan, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Algeria, Altay, Amur, Antipodean Is., Argentina South, Arizona, Assam, Austria, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Central European Rus, Chatham Is., Chile Central, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Falkland Is., Finland, France, Free State, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, India, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., KwaZulu-Natal, Labrador, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Madagascar, Madeira, Magadan, Maine, Malawi, Maluku, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Guinea, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ohio, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Rwanda, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Sicilia, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Svalbard, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Thailand, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Uganda, Ukraine, Utah, Venezuela, Vermont, Victoria, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yugoslavia, Yukon, Zaïre
Introduced into:
Alabama, Amsterdam-St.Paul Is, Argentina Northeast, Arkansas, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, Florida, Georgia, Haiti, Hawaii, Jamaica, Juan Fernández Is., Kentucky, Kerguelen, Kermadec Is., Louisiana, Macquarie Is., Marquesas, Mexico Northeast, Mississippi, Missouri, Norfolk Is., Oklahoma, Réunion, South Australia, South Carolina, South Georgia, Sri Lanka, St.Helena, Tennessee, Texas, Tristan da Cunha, Uruguay, Virginia, Western Australia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 28. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Anthoxanthum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Sept. 17. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2021. Anthoxanthum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 17 Sept. 2021.
International Plant Names Index. 2013. Anthoxanthum. Published online. Accessed: 17 Dec. 2013. Reference page.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Пахучакаласнік
English: Vernal Grasses
eesti: Maarjahein
suomi: Simakkeet
русский: Душистый колосок, Пахучеколосник, Душистоколосни

Anthoxanthum (Latinised Greek for "yellow blossom"[3]), commonly known as hornworts,[4] vernal grasses,[4] or vernalgrasses,[4] is a genus of plants in the grass family.[5][6][7][8] The generic name means 'Yellow flower' in Botanical Latin, referring to the colour of the mature spikelets.[9]

The members of Anthoxanthum are widespread in temperate and subtropical parts of Africa and Eurasia, with a few species in tropical mountains. Some species have become naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, and the Americas. Anthoxanthum odoratum is a common species of acidic grassland and bogs in northern Europe. All the species reportedly contain the compound coumarin, used medicinally in many countries.[10][11]

The genus Hierochloe is included in Anthoxanthum by some recent authors. Others, however, continue to treat them as separate genera, and we provisionally treat them as such here pending further research.[2][12]

Species[2][13]

Anthoxanthum aethiopicum - Ethiopia
Anthoxanthum amarum - Spain, Portugal
Anthoxanthum aristatum - Mediterranean and neighboring areas from Madeira and the Canary Islands to the Aegean
Anthoxanthum borii - India
Anthoxanthum dregeanum - Cape Province of South Africa
Anthoxanthum ecklonii- South Africa, Lesotho, Malawi
Anthoxanthum gracile - Mediterranean from Morocco to the Aegean
Anthoxanthum hookeri - Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Myanmar
Anthoxanthum horsfieldii - Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Assam, Taiwan, Guizhou
Anthoxanthum japonicum - Honshu
Anthoxanthum madagascariense - Madagascar
Anthoxanthum nivale - mountains of central Africa (Zaïre, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania)
Anthoxanthum odoratum - widespread from Iceland to the Canary Islands to Mongolia; naturalized in North and South America, South Africa, Japan, East Asia, and various islands
Anthoxanthum ovatum - Mediterranean from Spain to the Aegean
Anthoxanthum pallidum - Sichuan, Yunnan
Anthoxanthum redolens - Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, and South America[14]
Anthoxanthum sikkimense - Nepal, Yunnan, Sikkim, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh
Anthoxanthum tongo - Cape Province of South Africa

formerly included[2]

numerous species now considered better suited to other genera. Most important is Hierochloe; others include Centotheca Crypsis Dichelachne Dimeria Festuca Perotis Saccharum
See also

List of Poaceae genera

References

lectotype designated by Cope in Jarvis et al., Regnum Veg. 127: 19 (1993)
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of plant names : a quick reference guide to 4000 garden plants (1st ed.). Portland, Or.: Timber Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-60469-196-2. OCLC 741564356.
English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 354. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 28 in Latin
Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). "The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references". The Grass Genera of the World. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
Tropicos, Anthoxanthum L.
Jepson Manual Treatment
Gledhill D. 1985. The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-5213-6675-5
Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 336 黄花茅属 huang hua mao shu Anthoxanthum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 28. 1753
Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Anthoxanthum
Hope, Tom, & Gray, Alan, Grasses of the British Isles: BSBI Handbook No. 13, Botanical Society of the British Isles, 2009, p 312. ISBN 978-0-901158-42-0.
The Plant List search for Anthoxanthum
"Anthoxanthum redolens". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 24 December 2024.