Apoclada

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Bambusoideae
Tribus: Bambuseae
Subtribus: Guaduinae
Genus: Apoclada
Species: A. simplex
Name

Apoclada McClure, in Fl. Ilustr. Catar. 1(Gramin., Supl. Bambus.): 57 (1967)
monotypic taxon

References

McClure, F.A. (1936) Flora Ilustrada Catarinense 1(GRAM–Supl.): 57–59.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2013. Apoclada in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2013 Oct. 27. Reference page.
Simon, B.K., Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T., Vorontsova, M., Brake, I., Healy, D. & Alfonso, Y. 2013. GrassWorld, Apoclada. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2013 Oct. 27.
Tropicos.org 2013. Apoclada. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2013 Oct. 27.
International Plant Names Index. 2013. Apoclada. Published online. Accessed: 27 Oct. 2013.

Apoclada is a genus of Brazilian bamboo in the grass family).[2]

The only known species is Apoclada simplex, found in the forests of southeastern Brazil (States of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo).[1][3]

The genus was for many years thought to contain four species (Apoclada cannavieira, A. arenicola, A. diversa & A. simplex)[4] Upon further examination and fieldwork at the collection locality, the single piece of material at the US National Herbarium from which A. diversa had been described, was found to be merely a deformed stem of A. simplex[5][6] Later, with revised concepts of morphological interpretation in the bamboos and strong molecular evidence[7] it became clear that the two species formerly known as A. arenicola, and A. cannavieira which are endemic to the cerrado of central Brazil are actually unrelated to A. simplex and are correctly placed in their own genus Filgueirasia.[8]

The stems of this bamboo grow to more than 13 m tall although half that is more common. Like all bamboos, the upright stems (also called culms) grow from horizontal underground stems called rhizomes. In A. simplex these rhizomes can be more than 40 cm long, thus although this species is technically a clumping type of bamboo, groves of it often appear much like those of the Asian running bamboos because of the long distance between culms. The culms are light to dark green or sometimes reddish, and about 1.9–4 cm in diameter with internodes every 7–38 cm. The foliage leaf blades are long and thin, 1.3–16.4 cm long and 2–7 mm wide.

formerly included[1]

see Filgueirasia

Apoclada arenicola - Filgueirasia arenicola
Apoclada cannavieira - Filgueirasia cannavieira

See also

List of Poaceae genera

References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
McClure, F. A. & L.B. Smith. 1967. Gramíneas – Suplemento. Bambúseas. 1(GRAM–Supl.): 1–78. In P. R. Reitz (ed.) Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. Herbário "Barbosa Rodrigues", Itajaí, Brasil
Renvoize, S. A. 1988. Hatschbach's Paraná Grass. 1–76. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
McClure, F. 1973. Genera of Bamboos Native to the New World(Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 9: 1–148.
Guala, G.F. 1992. All About Apoclada (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) a monograph of the genus. Thesis presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida.
Guala, G.F. 1995 A cladistic analysis and revision of the genus Apoclada (Poaceae:Bambusoideae). Systematic Botany 20(3): 207–223
Guala, G.F., D. Bogler, J. Sadle and J. Francisco Ortega 2000. Molecular Evidence for polyphyly in the genus Apoclada (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Bamboo Science and Culture 14:(1): 15–20.
Guala, G.F. 2003. A new genus of bamboos from the cerrados of Brazil. Bamboo Science and Culture 17(1): 1–3