Arisarum

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: CAM
Cladus: Archaeplastida
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Alismatales

Familia: Araceae
Subfamilia: Aroideae
Tribus: Arisareae
Genus: Arisarum
Species: (3) A. proboscideum – A. simorrhinum – A. vulgare
Nothospecies: (1) A. × aspergillum
Name

Arisarum Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4: Arisarum (1754).

Lectotype species (designated by Nicolson, Taxon 24(4): 467 (1975)): Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz., Ann. Mus. Imp. Fis. Firenze 2(2): 67 (1810).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Balmisa Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl.: 17 (1816).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Europe
Southwestern Europe
Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
Southeastern Europe
Albania, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Sicilia, Yugoslavia.
Africa
Northern Africa
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
Macaronesia
Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira.
Asia-Temperate
Caucasus
Transcaucasus.
Western Asia
Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Miller, P. 1754. The Gardeners Dictionary. Abridged. Ed. 4, Vol. 1–3 (unpaged). John & James Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.79061 Reference page.

Additional references

Nicolson, D.H. 1975. Lectotypification of genera of Araceae. Taxon 24(4): 467–468. JSTOR Reference page.
Boyce, P.C. 1990. Friar's cowls and mouse plants: the genus Arisarum. Kew Magazine 7(1): 14–21, tabs. 142–144. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8748.1990.tb00142.x, DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8748.1990.tb00143.x, DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8748.1990.tb00144.x, DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8748.1990.tb00145.x (Species treatments with separate identifiers) Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Arisarum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Nov 12. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2023. Arisarum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 12 Nov 2023.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Arisarum. Published online. Accessed: 12 Nov 2023. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Arisarum. Accessed: 12 Nov 2023.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2023. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Arisarum. Accessed: 2023 Nov 12.
Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Arisarum in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Nov 12.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Arisarum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names

العربية: صرين
español: Arisaro
eesti: Hiirvõhk
suomi: Munkinhiipat
עברית: לופית
polski: Kleśniec
русский: Аризарум

Arisarum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region, east to the Caucasus and west to Macaronesia.[2][3][4]
Seeds of Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu
Seedlings of Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu
Taxonomy
Species

Accepted species:[2]

Image	Scientific name	Distribution
	Arisarum simorrhinum Durieu	Portugal Spain, Balearic Islands, Algeria, Morocco
	Arisarum proboscideum (L.) Savi	Spain, Italy
	Arisarum vulgare O.Targ.Tozz.	Mediterranean region of northern Africa and southern Europe from Portugal and Morocco to Turkey and Israel; Caucasus; Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores

Natural Hybrids

Arisarum × aspergillum Dunal - Spain, Algeria, Morocco (A. simorrhinum × A. vulgare)

Phylogeny

It is closely related to the genera Ambrosina, Peltandra, and Typhonodorum. Ambrosina is the sister group to Arisarum, from which it separated about 46.1 Million years ago.[1]

The precise relationships are displayed in the following cladogram:[1]

Description

In A. simorrhinum, the flower stalk is shorter or equal in length to the leaf stalk, whereas in A. vulgare, the flower stalk is longer than the leaf stalk. A. vulgare also has a generally longer spadix than A. simorrhinum.[5]
Ecology
Parasite ecology
Illustration of the phytopathogenic green algae Phyllosiphon arisari, which affects the foliage of Arisarum

Arisarum foliage is parasitized by the siphonous green algae Phyllosiphon arisari Kühn. It induces necrosis in leaf tissue, after invading the intracellular space.[6] The foliage also may be affected by two species of fungi, namely Phyllosticta arisari and Melanustilospora arisari. The scale insect Icerya purchasi also feeds on Arisarum.[7]
References

Mansion, G., Rosenbaum, G., Schoenenberger, N., Bacchetta, G., Rosselló, J. A., & Conti, E. (2008). "Phylogenetic analysis informed by geological history supports multiple, sequential invasions of the Mediterranean Basin by the angiosperm family Araceae." Systematic Biology, 57(2), 269-285.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Govaerts, R. & Frodin, D.G. (2002). World Checklist and Bibliography of Araceae (and Acoraceae): 1-560. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Altervista Flora Italiana, Genere: Arisarum includes European distribution maps
"Arisarum" (PDF). Flora Iberica. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
Aboal, M., & Werner, O. (2011). "Morphology, fine structure, life cycle and phylogenetic analysis of Phyllosiphon arisari, a siphonous parasitic green alga." European journal of phycology, 46(3), 181-192.
W.N. Ellis. (2023). Genus Arisarum. Plant Parasites of Europe Leafminers, Galls and Fungi. Retrieved February 28, 2023, from https://bladmineerders.nl/host-plants/plantae/spermatopsida/angiosperma/monocots/alismatales/araceae/aroideae/arisarum/genus-arisarum/