Boschniakia

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Orobanchaceae
Tribus: Orobancheae
Genus: Boschniakia
Species: B. handelii – B. himalaica - B. hookeri - B. rossica - B. strobilacea

Name

Boschniakia C.A.Mey. ex Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(2): 159. (1832)

Type species: Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schlecht) B.Fedtsch., Fl. Evropeiskoi Ross. 896 (1910) originally designated as synonym Boschniakia glabra C.A. Mey. ex Bong. (1832)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Xylanche Beck, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 132. (1893)
Kopsiopsis (Beck) Beck, Pflanzenr. 96[IV,261]: 304. (1930)

Note: This is a view of Boschniakia s.l. c.f. Yu (2013) and Piwowarczyk (2015), which seems to be the most commonly used circumscription, but the segregates are kept for reference.
References

Bongard, A.G.H. von 1832. Mémoires de l'Académie Imperiale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. Sixième Série. Sciences Mathématiques, Physiques et Naturelles 2(2): 159

Additional references

Piwowarczyk, R. 2015. Seed morphology of Boschniakia sensu lato (Orobanchaceae) and its taxonomical implications. Phytotaxa 231(2): 156-164. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.231.2.4 Reference page.
Yu, W.-B. 2013. Nomenclatural clarifications for names in Boschniakia, Kopsiopsis and Xylanche (Orobanchaceae). Phytotaxa77(3): 40-42. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.77.3.1 Full article (PDF) Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2019. Boschniakia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jan. 8. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Boschniakia. Published online. Accessed: Jan. 9 2019.

Vernacular names

English: Groundcone
日本語: オニク属
中文: 草苁蓉属
中文（简体）: 草苁蓉属

Boschniakia is a genus of parasitic plants in the family Orobanchaceae. They are known commonly as groundcones and they are native to western North America and extreme northeastern Asia. Some taxonomists consider Boschniakia to be three separate genera: Boschniakia, Kopsiopsis, and Xylanche.[1][2] When the genus is split, only a single species remains: Boschniakia rossica, the northern groundcone.[1][3]

Groundcones are holoparasitic, meaning they depend entirely on a host plant for nutrients and contain little or no chlorophyll. These plants often parasitize alders but they are found on many other plants. Groundcones often look at first glance like pine cones lying on the ground, especially when they are brown in color. They may also be shades of yellow, red, and purple. Each plant may be a few inches tall, and pine-cone-shaped or cylindrical. The plant above ground is almost entirely made up of its inflorescence, a tightly packed column of thick cup-shaped flowers. The groundcone produces haustoria which penetrate the roots of its host and provide it with water and nutrients.

The type species for Boschniakia is Boschniakia glabra, a species which is no longer considered valid. Instead, it is now included in Boschniakia rossica.[4]
References

Yu, Wen-Bin (2013-01-29). "Nomenclatural clarifications for names in Boschniakia, Kopsiopsis and Xylanche (Orobanchaceae)". Phytotaxa. 77 (3): 40–42. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.77.3.1. ISSN 1179-3163.
"Kopsiopsis key to species, Jepson eFlora". ucjeps.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
USDA Plants Profile
"Tropicos". www.tropicos.org. Retrieved 2020-07-25.