Calibrachoa

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Solanales

Familia: Solanaceae
Subfamilia: Petunioideae
Genus: Calibrachoa
Species: C. caesia – C. calycina – C. cordifolia – C. dusenii – C. eglandulata – C. elegans – C. ericifolia – C. excellens – C. felipponei – C. hassleriana – C. heterophylla – C. humilis – C. irgangiana – C. linoides – C. longistyla – C. macrodactylon – C. micrantha – C. missionica – C. paranensis – C. parviflora – C. pubescens – C. pygmea – C. regnellii – C. rupestris – C. scabridula – C. sellowiana – C. sendtneriana – C. serrulata – C. spathulata – C. thymifolia
Name

Calibrachoa Cerv., Nov. Veg. Descr. [La Llave & Lexarza] 2: 3. (1825)

Type species: Calibrachoa procumbens Cerv. = Calibrachoa parviflora (Jussieu) D'Arcy, Phytologia 67(6): 465 (1989)

References

Cervantes, V. de 1825. Novorum Vegetabilium Descriptiones 2: 3.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Calibrachoa in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Oct. 28. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Calibrachoa. Published online. Accessed: Oct. 28 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Calibrachoa. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Oct. 28.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Calibrachoa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10.

Vernacular names
English: Million Bells
suomi: Pikkupetuniat

Calibrachoa is a genus of plants in the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. They are evergreen short-lived perennials and subshrubs with a sprawling habit, with small petunia-type flowers. They are found across much the same region of South America as petunias, from southern Brazil across to Peru and Chile, inhabiting scrub and open grassland.[1]

Classification

Calibrachoa are closely related to Petunia. However, on further examination it has been found that there are major differences in chromosomes, corresponding to external differences and fertilization factors that distinguished the two genera. Petchoa is a hybrid genus derived from crossing the genetically similar Calibrachoa and Petunia.[2]

Calibrachoa was named by Vicente Cervantes after Antonio de la Cal y Bracho,[3] a 19th-century Mexican botanist and pharmacologist.
Description

Calibrachoa are small shrubs or herbaceous plants with woody shoot axis that grow annual or perennial. The leaves are ovate, elliptic, reverse ovate or linear; its edge is flat or rolled back. The inflorescences are monochasic and have oppositely standing, foliage-like bracts. The flowers are usually zygomorphic, the bud cover is reciprocal in most species, the only exception is Calibrachoa pygmaea in both cases. The calyx has five or ten ribs, it is usually lobed to about the middle, the lobes are usually narrowed towards the top. The crown is funnel-shaped, only in Calibrachoa pygmaea it is salver-shaped, bulbous and tapered towards the tip. The color of the crown can be purple, red, pink or whitish.[4]

The fruits are capsules. The seeds have a net-like surface. This structure is due to walls perpendicular to the seed surface, which are straight in all species.[5]
Species
A Calibrachoa hybrid

28 species, including:[6]

Calibrachoa caesia
Calibrachoa calycina
Calibrachoa dusenii
Calibrachoa eglandulata
Calibrachoa elegans
Calibrachoa ericaefolia
Calibrachoa excellens
Calibrachoa hassleriana

Calibrachoa heterophylla
Calibrachoa linearis
Calibrachoa parviflora
Calibrachoa pygmaea
Calibrachoa rupestris
Calibrachoa sellowiana
Calibrachoa spathulata
Calibrachoa thymifolia

Cultivation

Some Calibrachoa are cultivated as ornamental plants, popularly known as "Million Bells". The plants can tolerate light frost and thrive in sun or semi-shade. Plant in a free-draining soil and water only when the soil is almost dry. They can be propagated from tip cuttings, but are frequently grown as half-hardy annuals. They are suitable for container gardening and hanging baskets and will attract hummingbirds.
Cultivars

The following cultivars are recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-

Cabaret Bright Red='Balcabrite'[7]
Calibasket Pink Doll='Wescapido'[8]
Million Bells Trailing Topaz='Sunbelrikubu'[9]
Minifamous Double Light Blue='Kleca16364'[10]
Minifamous Double PinkMania!='Kleca16356'[11]
Minifamous Double Pinktastic='Kleca18085'[12]
Rave Pink '16='Kleca16006'[13]

References

RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
The Value of Growing Petchoa SuperCal®. Ornamental News Oct 25 2012
Pablo de la Llave and Juan José Martínez de Lejarza y Alday (1825), Novorum vegetabilium descriptiones, vol. 2, Martin Rivera, p. 3
Hitoshi Watanabe et al: Three Groups of Species in Petunia sensu Jussieu (Solanaceae) inferred from the intact seed morphology . In: American Journal of Botany , Vol. 86, Number 2, 1999, pp. 302-305.
Claudia dos Reis, Maria the Graças Sajo and João Renato Stehmann: Leaf Structure and Taxonomy of Petunua and Calibrachoa (Solanaceae) . In: Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology , Vol. 45, Number 1, March 2002, pp. 59-66.
The Plant List, retrieved 13 September 2015
"Calibrachoa Cabaret Bright Red='Balcabrite'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
"Calibasket Pink Doll='Wescapido'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
"Million Bells Trailing Topaz='Sunbelrikubu'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
"Minifamous Double Light Blue=Kleca16364". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
"Calibrachoa Minifamous Double PinkMania!='Kleca16356'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
"Calibrachoa Minifamous Double Pinktastic='Kleca18085'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
"Rave Pink '16='Kleca16006'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.