Celtis timorensis

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Rosales

Familia: Cannabaceae
Genus: Celtis
Species: Celtis timorensis
Name

Celtis timorensis Span., Linnaea 15: 343 1841.
Synonyms

Celtis cinnamomea Lindl.
Celtis crenato-serrata Merr.
Celtis dysodoxylon Thw.
Celtis hamata Bl.
Celtis reticulosa Miq.
Celtis waitzii Bl.
Sponia pendula Span.
Sponia rigida Zoll. ex Planch.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asie
Christmas Isl., C-Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Isl. (Flores, Timor), N-Borneo, Nicobars (North Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.)
Continental: Asie
Nepal, Laos, Vietnam, India (Silhet), Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Thailand, Philippines (Luzon), Andamans (Middle Andamans, South Andamans), Myanmar [Burma] (Bago, Kachin, Sagaing), China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan), SE-Tibet

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Spanoghe, J.B., 1841. Linnaea 15: 343.

Links

Hassler, M. 2019. Celtis timorensis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 09. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Celtis timorensis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 09. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Celtis timorensis. Published online. Accessed: Aug. 07 2019. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2019. Celtis timorensis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 07 Aug. 2019.

Vernacular names
English: Stinkwood, Stinking wood
Bahasa Indonesia: Kitamiang
සිංහල: ගුරෙන්ද
ไทย: แก้งขี้พระร่วง, ตะคาย, มะหาดน้ำ, ตายไม่ทันเฒ่า, ไม้เช็ดตูดพระร่วง

Celtis timorensis, commonly known as stinkwood or stinking wood, is a species of flowering plant in the family Cannabaceae that grows in tropical Asia. The specific epithet comes from the name of the island of Timor, the locality of the type collection.[4] The most notable characteristic of the tree is the strong excrement odour that it emits from the bark and sap, which pervades the surrounding forest. This is due to the presence of the malodorous organic compound skatole. In Thailand, it therefore known as kæ̂ng k̄hī̂ phrar̀wng or mị̂ chĕd tūd phrar̀wng (Thai: แก้งขี้พระร่วง, ไม้เช็ดตูดพระร่วง) which means 'wipe the bottom timber'. Thai legend has it that Phra Ruang (the legendary King of the Sukhothai dynasty) wiped his buttocks with it.[5] In Sri Lanka the heartwood of the tree (known as gurenda, ගුරෙන්ද) is used as a traditional ayurvedic medicine against syphilis, chickenpox, and measles.[6]
At Hùng Temple, Vietnam
Description

Celtis timorensis is a large forest tree growing to 25 m in height. The wood and sap have a strong foetid smell that resembles excrement because of the presence of skatole. The oblate to oblong, strongly 3-veined leaves are 50–130 mm in length. Although the tree resembles Cinnamomum iners in its 3-veined leaves, it can easily be distinguished by its serrated leaf margins. The seed, protected by the 7–11 mm long fruit’s hard and durable endocarp, is dispersed by water.[4] Flowers - Inflorescence - male greenish, short racemose cymes; female more slender axillary or terminal cymes.
Fruits - beaked, pear-shaped drupe.
Distribution and habitat

The tree is found throughout the tropical regions of Asia, from India and Sri Lanka, through Indo-China, southern China and Malesia to the Philippines. It occurs on Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the northeastern Indian Ocean, where it forms about 1% of the primary rainforest canopy.[4] It grows in drier, seasonal rain forest.
References
Notes

Lin, Q.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Celtis timorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147509114A147624057. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
Spanoghe, J.B. (1841). Linnaea. 15: 343–344.
Celtis timorensis Span. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
"Celtis timorensis Span". Flora of Australia Online. Australian Biological Resources Study. 1993. Archived from the original on 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2010-12-02.
"หายากมาก! "ไม้เช็ดตูดพระร่วง" ในตำนาน จนท.บุกป่าพิสูจน์เจอแค่ต้นเดียว (ชมคลิป)". ASTV Manager (in Thai). September 5, 2016. Archived from the original on September 6, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
Celtis timorensis, Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants of Sri Lanka. Accessed 15.02.2018 on http://www.instituteofayurveda.org/plants/plants_detail.php?i=1313&s=Family_name