Claoxylon

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Acalyphoideae
Tribus: Acalypheae
Genus: Claoxylon
Species: C. abbreviatum – C. affine – C. albicans – C. albiflorum – C. ambrense – C. angustifolium – C. anomalum – C. arboreum – C. attenuatum – C. australe – C. bicarpellatum – C. biciliatum – C. brachyandrum – C. capillipes – C. carinatum – C. carolinianum – C. carrii – C. centenarium – C. colfsii – C. collenettei – C. coriaceolanatum – C. crassipes – C. crassivenium – C. cuneatum – C. decaryanum – C. dolichostachyum – C. echinospermum – C. ellipticum – C. erythrophyllum – C. euphorbioides – C. extenuatum – C. fallax – C. flavum – C. fulvescens – C. gillisonii – C. glabrifolium – C. glandulosum – C. goodenoviense – C. grandifolium – C. gymnadenum – C. hainanense – C. hillii – C. hosei – C. humbertii – C. indicum – C. insigne – C. insulanum – C. kaievskii – C. khasianum – C. kinabaluense – C. kingii – C. kotoense – C. lambiricum – C. ledermannii – C. linostachys – C. longifolium – C. longipetiolatum – C. longiracemosum – C. lutescens – C. macranthum – C. mananarense – C. marianum – C. medullosum – C. microcarpum – C. monoicum – C. muscisilvae – C. neoebudicum – C. nervosum – C. nigtanig – C. nubicola – C. oblanceolatum – C. oliganthum – C. ooumuense – C. papuae – C. parviflorum – C. paucinerve – C. perrieri – C. physocarpum – C. platyphyllum – C. porphyrostemon – C. praetermissum – C. pseudoinsulanum – C. psilogyne – C. pubescens – C. purpureum – C. putii – C. racemiflorum – C. raymondianum – C. rostratum – C. rubescens – C. rubrivenium – C. salicinum – C. salomonense – C. samoense – C. sanctae-crucis – C. sandwicense – C. sarasinorum – C. scabratum – C. setosum – C. spathulatum – C. stapfianum – C. subbullatum – C. subsessiliflorum – C. subviride – C. taitense – C. tenerifolium – C. tenuiflorum – C. tetracoccum – C. tsaratananae – C. velutinum – C. vitiense – C. wallichianum – C. warburgianum – C. winkleri
Source(s) of checklist:
Name

Claoxylon A.Juss., 1824

Type species: Claoxylon parviflorum A. Juss.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Erythrochilus Reinw., Flora 8(1): 103 (1825).
Quadrasia Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 7: 2656 (1915).

References
Primary references

Jussieu, A.H.L. de 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus medisque earumdem viribus tentamen. 118 pp. Paris. BHL Reference page. : 43.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Claoxylon in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Jun 04. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Claoxylon. Published online. Accessed: Jun 04 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Claoxylon. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Jun 04.

Vernacular names
中文: 白桐树属

Claoxylon is a flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, comprising dioecious subshrubs to small trees. It was first described as a genus in 1824.[2][1] The genus is distributed in paleotropical areas: Madagascar through South and Southeast Asia, Malesia to Melanesia, Hawaiʻi, and Australia. Half of the species are in Malesia. According to a molecular phylogenetic study by Wurdack, Hoffmann & Chase (2005), Claoxylon is sister to Erythrococca (50 species, Africa), and together they form the top of a Hennigian comb-like phylogeny.[3][4]

The genus Claoxylon is usually easily recognizable because the dried leaves in herbariums of most species are rough (few are smooth).

Species[1]

Claoxylon abbreviatum - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores, Sulawesi
Claoxylon affine - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
Claoxylon albicans - Philippines
Claoxylon albiflorum - Bismarck Archipelago
Claoxylon angustifolium - Queensland
Claoxylon anomalum - Western Ghats of SW India
Claoxylon arboreum - Philippines
Claoxylon attenuatum - Sabah
Claoxylon australe - Queensland, New South Wales
Claoxylon bicarpellatum - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon biciliatum - Vanuatu
Claoxylon brachyandrum - Philippines, Sabah, Sulawesi
Claoxylon capillipes - Papua New Guinea, Flores
Claoxylon carinatum - Kalimantan Timur
Claoxylon carolinianum - Caroline Islands
Claoxylon carrii - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon centenarium - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands)
Claoxylon colfsii - Sumbawa
Claoxylon collenettei - Rapa-Iti
Claoxylon coriaceolanatum - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon crassipes - Philippines
Claoxylon crassivenium - Philippines
Claoxylon cuneatum - Western New Guinea
Claoxylon decaryanum - Madagascar
Claoxylon dolichostachyum - Réunion
Claoxylon echinospermum - Fiji
Claoxylon ellipticum - Philippines
Claoxylon erythrophyllum - E, Indonesia
Claoxylon euphorbioides - Philippines
Claoxylon extenuatum - Bougainville
Claoxylon fallax - Fiji, Tonga
Claoxylon flavum - Madagascar
Claoxylon fulvescens - Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi
Claoxylon gillisonii - Vanuatu
Claoxylon glabrifolium - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
Claoxylon glandulosum - Mauritius
Claoxylon goodenoviense - D'Entrecasteaux Islands
†Claoxylon grandifolium - Mauritius, Réunion but extinct
Claoxylon gymnadenum - Bougainville
Claoxylon hainanense - Hainan
Claoxylon hillii - New Guinea, N Australia
Claoxylon hirsutellum - Kalimantan Timur
Claoxylon hosei - Sarawak
Claoxylon humbertii - Madagascar
Claoxylon indicum - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Christmas Island
Claoxylon insigne - Sarawak
Claoxylon insulanum - New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands
Claoxylon kaievskii - Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands
Claoxylon khasianum - West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam
Claoxylon kinabaluense - Sabah
Claoxylon kingii - S Thailand, Perak
Claoxylon kotoense - Taiwan
Claoxylon lambiricum - Sarawak
Claoxylon ledermannii - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon linostachys - Mauritius
Claoxylon longifolium - Assam, SE Asia, New Guinea, Caroline Islands
Claoxylon longipetiolatum - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar
Claoxylon longiracemosum - Palau
Claoxylon lutescens - New Guinea
Claoxylon macranthum - Mauritius, Madagascar
Claoxylon mananarense - Madagascar
Claoxylon marianum - Mariana Islands
Claoxylon medullosum - Madagascar
Claoxylon microcarpum - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon monoicum - Madagascar
Claoxylon muscisilvae - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon neoebudicum - Vanuatu, Santa Cruz Islands, Fiji
Claoxylon nervosum - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon nigtanig - Bougainville
Claoxylon nubicola - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon oblanceolatum - Philippines
Claoxylon oliganthum - Thailand
Claoxylon ooumuense - Nuku Hiva
Claoxylon papuae - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon parviflorum - Réunion, Rodrigues Island
Claoxylon paucinerve - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon perrieri - Madagascar
Claoxylon physocarpum - Sumatra
Claoxylon platyphyllum - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon porphyrostemon - Papua New Guinea
Claoxylon praetermissum - Sabah
Claoxylon pseudoinsulanum - Kalimantan Timur
Claoxylon psilogyne - Vanuatu
Claoxylon pubescens - Philippines
Claoxylon purpureum - Philippines, Sulawesi
Claoxylon putii - Thailand
Claoxylon racemiflorum - Réunion
Claoxylon raymondianum - Madagascar
Claoxylon rostratum - Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Myanmar
Claoxylon rubescens - Lombok, Philippines
Claoxylon rubrivenium - Luzon
Claoxylon salicinum - Sabah
Claoxylon salomonense - Papua New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, Solomon Islands
Claoxylon samoense - Samoa
Claoxylon sanctae-crucis - Santa Cruz Islands
Claoxylon sandwicense - Hawaii
Claoxylon sarasinorum - Sulawesi
Claoxylon scabratum - New Guinea
Claoxylon setosum - Réunion
Claoxylon spathulatum - Philippines
Claoxylon stapfianum - Sarawak, Sabah
Claoxylon subbullatum - Sabah
Claoxylon subsessiliflorum - Vietnam, Yunnan
Claoxylon subviride - Philippines
Claoxylon taitense - Society Islands
Claoxylon tenerifolium - Queensland
Claoxylon tenuiflorum - Aceh
Claoxylon tetracoccum - West New Guinea
Claoxylon tsaratananae - Madagascar
Claoxylon velutinum - Kalimantan Timur
Claoxylon vitiense - Fiji
Claoxylon wallichianum - Peninsular Malaysia
Claoxylon warburgianum - Sulawesi
Claoxylon winkleri - Kalimantan Selatan

Formerly included[1]

moved to other genera (Acalypha, Croton, Discoclaoxylon, Erythrococca, Lobanilia, Macaranga, Mallotus, Micrococca, Orfilea)

C. africanum - Erythrococca africana
C. angolense - Erythrococca angolense
C. atrovirens - Erythrococca atrovirens
C. bakerianum - Lobanilia bakeriana
C. barteri - Erythrococca africana
C. beddomei - Micrococca beddomei
C. capense - Micrococca capensis
C. chevalieri - Erythrococca chevalieri
C. columnare - Erythrococca columnaris
C. cordifolium - Mallotus oppositifolius
C. deflersii - Erythrococca abyssinica
C. dewevrei - Erythrococca dewevrei
C. digynum - Macaranga digyna
C. flaccidum - Erythrococca atrovirens
C. hexandrum - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum
C. hirsutum - Micrococca wightii var. hirsuta
C. hirtellum - Lobanilia hirtella
C. hispidum - Erythrococca hispida
C. holstii - Micrococca holstii
C. humblotianum - Micrococca humblotiana
C. inaequilaterum - Erythrococca atrovirens
C. kirkii - Erythrococca kirkii
C. lancifolium - Micrococca lancifolia
C. lasiococcum - Erythrococca trichogyne
C. leucocarpum - Mallotus leucocarpus
C. longifolium Baill. 1858, illegitimate homonym, not (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk. 1844 - Micrococca oligandra
C. luteobrunneum - Lobanilia luteobrunnea
C. macrophyllum Prain 1911, illegitimate homonym, not Hassk. 1848 - Erythrococca macrophylla
C. mannii - Erythrococca mannii
C. membranaceum - Erythrococca membranacea
C. menyharthii - Erythrococca menyharthii
C. mercurialis - Micrococca mercurialis
C. mildbraedii - Erythrococca trichogyne
C. molleri - Erythrococca molleri
C. muricatum - Mallotus resinosus
C. neraudianum - Orfilea neraudiana
C. occidentale - Discoclaoxylon occidentale
C. oleraceum - Erythrococca atrovirens
C. oligandrum - Micrococca oligandra
C. ovale - Lobanilia ovalis
C. patulum - Erythrococca patula
C. pauciflorum Müll.Arg. 1864 not Stapf 1894 - Erythrococca pauciflora
C. pedicellare Müll.Arg. 1864 not Pax & K.Hoffm. 1914 - Discoclaoxylon pedicellare
C. poggei - Erythrococca poggei
C. polyandrum - Erythrococca polyandra
C. preussii - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum
C. purpurascens - Erythrococca molleri
C. reticulatum - Acalypha filiformis
C. rivulare - Erythrococca rivularis
C. schweinfurthii - Erythrococca atrovirens
C. sphaerocarpum - Croton sylvaticus
C. spiciflorum - Acalypha spiciflora
C. stipulosum - Mallotus dispar
C. trichogyne - Erythrococca trichogyne
C. triste - Erythrococca tristis
C. virens - Erythrococca menyharthii
C. volkensii - Micrococca volkensii
C. welwitschianum - Erythrococca welwitschiana
C. wightii - Micrococca wightii

References

World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Jussieu, Adrien Henri Laurent de. 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earumdem viribus tentamen, tabulis aeneis 18 illustratum 43, pl. 14, f. 43
Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Forster, P.I. (2007). A taxonomic revision of Claoxylon A.Juss. (Euphorbiaceae) in Australia. Austrobaileya 7: 451-472.

Kabouw, Patrick; Peter C. van Welzen; Pieter Baas; Bertie J. van Heuven (2008). "Styloid crystals in Claoxylon (Euphorbiaceae) and allies (Claoxylinae) with notes on leaf anatomy". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (3): 445–457. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00757.x. Archived from the original on 2012-10-09.