Cleistanthus

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Phyllanthaceae
Subfamilia: Phyllanthoideae
Tribus: Bridelieae
Subtribus: Pseudolachnostylidinae
Genus: Cleistanthus
Species: C. acuminatus – C. andamanicus – C. angustifolius – C. annamensis – C. apodus – C. bakonensis – C. balakrishnanii – C. bambidianus – C. baramicus – C. beccarianus – C. bipindensis – C. boivinianus – C. bracteosus – C. brideliifolius – C. capuronii – C. carolinianus – C. caudatus – C. celebicus – C. chlorocarpus – C. collinus – C. concinnus – C. contractus – C. coriaceus – C. cunninghamii – C. curtisii – C. dallachyanus – C. decurrens – C. denudatus – C. discolor – C. diversifolius – C. dolichophyllus – C. duvipermaniorum – C. eberhardtii – C. ellipticus – C. elongatus – C. erycibifolius – C. everettii – C. evrardii – C. ferrugineus – C. flavescens – C. floricola – C. gabonensis – C. glaber – C. glabratus – C. glandulosus – C. gracilis – C. helferi – C. hirsutopetalus – C. hirsutulus – C. hylandii – C. indochinensis – C. inglorius – C. insignis – C. insularis – C. inundatus – C. isabellinus – C. itsoghensis – C. jacobsianus – C. kingii – C. kwangensis – C. langkawiensis – C. lanuginosus – C. letouzeyi – C. libericus – C. longinervis – C. macrophyllus – C. maingayi – C. major – C. malabaricus – C. malaccensis – C. meeboldii – C. megacarpus – C. membranaceus – C. micranthus – C. monoicus – C. morii – C. namatanaiensis – C. ngounyensis – C. nitidus – C. nokrensis – C. normanbyanus – C. oblongatus – C. oblongifolius – C. occidentalis – C. pallidus – C. papuanus – C. papyraceus – C. parvifolius – C. patulus – C. paxii – C. pedicellatus – C. peninsularis – C. perrieri – C. petelotii – C. pierlotii – C. pierrei – C. pilosus – C. podocarpus – C. podopyxis – C. polyneurus – C. polyphyllus – C. polystachyus – C. praetermissus – C. pseudopallidus – C. pseudopodocarpus – C. pubens – C. pyrrhocarpus – C. ripicola – C. robinsonii – C. robustus – C. rotundatus – C. rufescens – C. rufus – C. salicifolius – C. sarawakensis – C. schlechteri – C. semiopacus – C. stenonia – C. stenophyllus – C. stipitatus – C. stipularis – C. striatus – C. suarezensis – C. sumatranus – C. tenerifolius – C. tomentosus – C. tonkinensis – C. travancorensis – C. venosus – C. vestitus – C. winkleri – C. xanthopus – C. xerophilus – C. zenkeri
Name

Cleistanthus Hook.f. ex Planch., Icon. Pl. 4: t. 779. (1848)

Type species: Cleistanthus polystachyus Hook.f. ex Planch., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 4: t. 779. (1848)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Nanopetalum Hassk., Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. 4: 140 (1855)
Lebidiera Baill., Étude Euphorb., Atlas: 50 (1858)
Stenonia Baill., Étude Euphorb.: 578 (1858)
Leiopyxis Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 445 (1861)
Lebidieropsis Müll.Arg., Linnaea 32: 79 (1863)
Kaluhaburunghos L. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 607 (1891)
Stenoniella Kuntze in T.E.von Post & C.E.O.Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan.: 535 (1903)
Schistostigma Lauterb. in K.M.Schumann & C.A.G.Lauterbach, Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee, Nachtr.: 299 (1905)
Godefroya Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 435 (1923)
Paracleisthus Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 70: 499 (1923)

References

Hooker, J.D. 1848. Icones Plantarum; or Figures, with Brief Descriptive Characters and Remarks of New or Rare Plants 4: 779 t. 779.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Cleistanthus in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Apr. 10. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Cleistanthus. Published online. Accessed: Apr. 10 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Cleistanthus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Apr. 10.

Cleistanthus is a plant genus of the family Phyllanthaceae, tribe Bridelieae, first described as a genus in 1848.[3][4] It is widespread in much of the Old World Tropics in Asia, Africa, Australia, and various oceanic islands.[2][5][6] Cleistanthus collinus is known for being toxic and may be the agent of homicides or suicides.[7]

Species[2]

Cleistanthus acuminatus – Sri Lanka
Cleistanthus andamanicus – Andaman Islands
Cleistanthus angustifolius – Luzon
Cleistanthus annamensis – Vietnam
Cleistanthus apodus – Queensland, eastern New Guinea
Cleistanthus bakonensis – Borneo
Cleistanthus balakrishnanii – Nicobar Islands
Cleistanthus bambidianus – Gabon
Cleistanthus baramicus – Borneo
Cleistanthus beccarianus – Sarawak
Cleistanthus bipindensis – Central Africa
Cleistanthus boivinianus – Madagascar
Cleistanthus bracteosus – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus bracteosus –, Indonesia, Philippines
Cleistanthus capuronii – eastern Madagascar
Cleistanthus carolinianus – Palau
Cleistanthus caudatus – Central Africa
Cleistanthus celebicus – Sabah, Sulawesi
Cleistanthus chlorocarpus – Sarawak
Cleistanthus collinus – Indian Subcontinent
Cleistanthus concinnus – Hainan, Vietnam
Cleistanthus contractus – Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah
Cleistanthus coriaceus – Sarawak
Cleistanthus cunninghamii – Queensland, New South Wales
Cleistanthus curtisii – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus dallachyanus – Queensland, Northern Territory
Cleistanthus decurrens – Thailand, Philippines, Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus denudatus – Thailand
Cleistanthus discolor – Queensland
†Cleistanthus diversifolius – ?
Cleistanthus dolichophyllus – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus duvipermaniorum – Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola
Cleistanthus eberhardtii – Vietnam
Cleistanthus ellipticus – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus elongatus – Sarawak
Cleistanthus erycibifolius – Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Negros
Cleistanthus everettii – Borneo, Philippines
Cleistanthus evrardii – Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo
Cleistanthus ferrugineus – Sri Lanka
Cleistanthus flavescens – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus floricola – Flores
Cleistanthus gabonensis – Gabon
Cleistanthus glaber – Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Mindanao
Cleistanthus glabratus – Sarawak
Cleistanthus glandulosus – Peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand, Sumatra
Cleistanthus gracilis – Peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo
Cleistanthus helferi – Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar
Cleistanthus hirsutopetalus – Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore
Cleistanthus hirsutulus – Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo, Vietnam
Cleistanthus hylandii – Queensland
Cleistanthus indochinensis – Vietnam
Cleistanthus inglorius – Papua New Guinea
Cleistanthus insignis – Morobe
Cleistanthus insularis – Palau
Cleistanthus inundatus – Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola
Cleistanthus isabellinus – Sabah, Philippines, New Guinea
Cleistanthus itsoghensis – Central Africa
Cleistanthus jacobsianus – Sarawak
Cleistanthus kingii – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus kwangensis – Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola
Cleistanthus langkawiensis – Langkawi
Cleistanthus lanuginosus – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus letouzeyi – Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea
Cleistanthus libericus – Western and Central Africa
Cleistanthus longinervis – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus macrophyllus – Peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand, Borneo, Yunnan
Cleistanthus maingayi – Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak
Cleistanthus major – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus malabaricus – southwestern India
Cleistanthus malaccensis – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus meeboldii – Myanmar
Cleistanthus megacarpus – Philippines,, Indonesia
Cleistanthus membranaceus – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus micranthus – Fiji
Cleistanthus monoicus – Guangdong
Cleistanthus morii – Chuuk
Cleistanthus namatanaiensis – Bismarck Archipelago
Cleistanthus ngounyensis – Gabon
Cleistanthus nitidus – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus normanbyanus – D'Entrecasteaux Islands
Cleistanthus oblongatus – Sarawak
Cleistanthus oblongifolius – Bangladesh, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, Queensland
Cleistanthus occidentalis – western Madagascar
Cleistanthus pallidus – Sri Lanka
Cleistanthus papuanus – Papua New Guinea
Cleistanthus papyraceus – Myanmar, Thailand
Cleistanthus parvifolius – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus patulus – India, Sri Lanka
Cleistanthus paxii – Sarawak
Cleistanthus pedicellatus – Guangxi, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines, New Guinea
Cleistanthus peninsularis – Papua New Guinea, Queensland
Cleistanthus perrieri – eastern Madagascar
Cleistanthus petelotii – Guangxi, Vietnam
Cleistanthus pierlotii – Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon
Cleistanthus pierrei – Vietnam
Cleistanthus pilosus – Basilan, Mindanao
Cleistanthus podocarpus – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus podopyxis – Borneo
Cleistanthus polyneurus – Peninsular Malaysia
Cleistanthus polyphyllus – Peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand
Cleistanthus polystachyus – tropical Africa
Cleistanthus praetermissus – Peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand, Borneo
Cleistanthus pseudopallidus – Sumatra
Cleistanthus pseudopodocarpus – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
Cleistanthus pubens – Borneo
Cleistanthus pyrrhocarpus – Borneo
Cleistanthus ripicola – tropical Africa
Cleistanthus robinsonii – Palawan, Sibuyan
Cleistanthus robustus – Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands
Cleistanthus rotundatus – Cambodia
Cleistanthus rufescens – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines
Cleistanthus rufus – Peninsular Malaysia, southern Thailand
Cleistanthus salicifolius – Sarawak
Cleistanthus sankunnianus – southwestern India
Cleistanthus sarawakensis – Sarawak
Cleistanthus schlechteri – from Kenya to KwaZulu-Natal
Cleistanthus semiopacus – Queensland
Cleistanthus stenonia – Mayotte, Madagascar
Cleistanthus stenophyllus – Myanmar
Cleistanthus stipitatus – New Caledonia
Cleistanthus stipularis – western India
Cleistanthus striatus – Borneo
Cleistanthus suarezensis – Madagascar
Cleistanthus sumatranus – southern China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea
Cleistanthus tenerifolius – Sumatra, Kalimantan
Cleistanthus tomentosus – southern China, Southeast Asia
Cleistanthus tonkinensis – southern China, Vietnam
Cleistanthus travancorensis – southwestern India
Cleistanthus venosus – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Mindanao
Cleistanthus vestitus – Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Luzon
Cleistanthus winkleri – Borneo
Cleistanthus xanthopus – Papua New Guinea
Cleistanthus xerophilus – Queensland
Cleistanthus zenkeri – tropical Africa

References

illustration circa 1880, from Francisco Manuel Blanco (O.S.A.) - Flora de Filipinas
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, Planchon, Jules Émile. 1848. Hooker's Icones Plantarum 8: pl. DCCLXXIX in Latin with full-page line drawing
Tropicos, Cleistanthus Hook. f. ex Planch.
Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 172 闭花木属 bi hua mu shu Cleistanthus J. D. Hooker ex Planchon, Icon. Pl. 8: t. 779. 1848.
Bose, A; Sandal Sejbaek, C; Suganthy, P; Raghava, V; Alex, R; Muliyil, J; et al. (2009). ""Self-harm and self-poisoning in southern India " Choice of poisoning agents and treatment". Trop Med Int Health. 14 (7): 761–5. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02293.x. PMID 19497080. S2CID 11872545.