Codonopsis

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Orthokaryota
Cladus: Neokaryota
Cladus: Photokaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: CAM
Regnum*: Archaeplastida
Regnum: Plantae
Regnum*: Viridiplantae
Cladus: Streptophyta
Cladus: Phragmoplastophyta
Cladus: Embryophyta
Cladus: Polysporangiophyta
Divisio*: Tracheophyta
Cladus: Eutracheophyta
Cladus: Euphyllophytina
Cladus: Megaphylla
Cladus: Radiatopses
Cladus: Lignophyta
Cladus: Metalignophyta
Diviso*: Spermatophyta
Classis*: Angiospermae
Cladus: Mesangiospermae
Cladus: Eudicota
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Campanulaceae
Subfamilia: Campanuloideae
Genus: Codonopsis
Species: C. affinis – C. alpina – C. argentea – C. benthamii – C. bhutanica – C. bomiensis – C. bragaensis – C. bulleyana – C. campanulata – C. canescens – C. cardiophylla – C. chimiliensis – C. chlorocodon – C. clematidea – C. cordifolioidea – C. deltoidea – C. elliptica – C. farreri – C. foetens – C. gongshanica – C. gracilis – C. hemisphaerica – C. henryi – C. hongii – C. inflata – C. javanica – C. kawakamii – C. lanceolata – C. lixianica – C. macrophylla – C. meleagris – C. micrantha – C. microtubulosa – C. obtusa – C. ovata – C. pilosula – C. reflexa – C. rotundifolia – C. subglobosa – C. subscaposa – C. subsimplex – C. thalictrifolia – C. tsinlingensis – C. tubulosa – C. ussuriensis – C. viridiflora – C. viridis
Name

Codonopsis Wall. in W.Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 103. (1824)

Type species: Codonopsis viridis Wall. in W.Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 103. (1824)

Note: Traditional subgenera no longer accepted due to the description of three new genera (Wang et al. 2014).
Synonyms

Heterotypic
Campanumoea Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 726 (1825
Glosocomia D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 158 (1825)
Glossocomia Rchb., Consp. Regn. Veg.: 114 (1828)
Leptocodon (Hook.f.) Lem., Ill. Hort. 3(Misc.): 49 (1856)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Temperate
Russian Far East
Amur, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Primorye.
Middle Asia
Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
Western Asia
Afghanistan.
China
China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
Mongolia
Mongolia.
Eastern Asia
Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
Indo-China
Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Malesia
Jawa, Sumatera.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Wallich, N. 1824. Flora Indica; or descriptions of Indian Plants 2: 103.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Codonopsis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 3. Reference page.
Hong, D.-Y. 2010. Taxonomic Notes on Chinese Campanulaceae Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 20(4): 420-425. DOI: 10.3417/2010024 Paywall PDF Reference page.
Hong, D.Y. 2015. A Monograph of Codonopsis and Allied Genera (Campanulaceae). Academic Press. ISBN 0128019417
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Codonopsis. Published online. Accessed: Aug. 3 2019. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2019. Codonopsis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 3 Aug. 2019. Reference page.

USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Codonopsis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 01-Dec-2009.
Wang, Q., Ma, X.T. & Hong, D.-Y. 2014. Phylogenetic analyses reveal three new genera of the Campanulaceae. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 52(5): 541–550. DOI: 10.1111/jse.12096 Reference page.

Vernacular names
azərbaycanca: Kodonopsis
English: Bonnet Bellflower
فارسی: کدنپسیس
suomi: Peikonkellot
日本語: ツルニンジン属
қазақша: Иісгүл
한국어: 더덕속
русский: Колокольник
中文: 党参属

Codonopsis is a genus of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae. As currently recognized, Codonopsis includes two other groups sometimes separated as distinct genera, i.e. Campanumoea and Leptocodon.[1][2][3][4] The enlarged genus Codonopsis is widespread across eastern, southern, central, and southeastern Asia, including China, Japan, the Russian Far East, Kazakhstan, the Indian Subcontinent, Iran, Indochina, Indonesia, etc.
Uses
Medicinal uses

Codonopsis pilosula (Chinese: 党参; pinyin: dǎngshēn) is an important medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine.[5]
Food uses
Deodeok muchim, a Korean salad made from C. lanceolata

Codonopsis lanceolata (Korean: deodeok) is used as a food in Korean cuisine.
Species

49 species are accepted.[6]

Codonopsis affinis Hook.f. & Thomson – China, Himalayas, Myanmar (Chinese: 大叶党参)
Codonopsis alpina Nannf. – (高山党参) – west-central China, northern Myanmar, and Tibet
Codonopsis argentea P.C.Tsoong – (银背叶党参) – west-central China
Codonopsis atriplicifolia Yan Yu & Qiang Wang
Codonopsis bactriana F.O.Khass., U.Kodyrov & A.Myrz.
Codonopsis benthamii Hook.f. & Thomson – China, Himalayas, Myanmar
Codonopsis bhutanica Ludlow – Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet
Codonopsis bomiensis D.Y.Hong
Codonopsis bragaensis Grey-Wilson – Nepal
Codonopsis bulleyana Forrest ex Diels – (管钟党参)
Codonopsis campanulata D.Y.Hong
Codonopsis canescens Nannf. – (灰毛党参)
Codonopsis cardiophylla Diels ex Kom. – (光叶党参)
Codonopsis chimiliensis J.Anthony – Yunnan, Myanmar (滇湎党参)
Codonopsis chlorocodon C.Y.Yu – (绿钟党参)
Codonopsis clematidea (Schrenk) C.B.Clarke – Central Asia, Tibet, Xinjiang, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, western Himalayas (新疆党参)
Codonopsis cordifolioidea P.C.Tsoong – (心叶党参)
Codonopsis deltoidea Chipp – (三角叶党参)
Codonopsis elliptica D.Y.Hong
Codonopsis farreri J.Anthony (synonym Codonopsis gombalana C.Y.Wu) – Yunnan, Myanmar – (秃叶党参, 贡山党参)
Codonopsis foetens Hook.f. & Thomson – China, eastern Himalayas (臭党参)
Codonopsis gongshanica Qiang Wang & D.Y.Hong
Codonopsis gracilis Hook.f. & Thomson – Yunnan, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam
Codonopsis hemisphaerica P.C.Tsoong ex D.Y.Hong
Codonopsis henryi Oliv. (synonym Codonopsis levicalyx L.D.Shen) – (川鄂党参, 光萼党参)
Codonopsis hongii Lammers
Codonopsis inflata Hook.f. & Thomson – Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam
Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson – widespread across China, Japan, Himalayas, Indochina, Java, Sumatra
Codonopsis kawakamii Hayata – Taiwan (台湾党参)
Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Trautv. – China, Korea, Japan, Russian Far East (羊乳)
Codonopsis lixianica D.Y.Hong
Codonopsis macrophylla Lammers & L.l.Klein – Tibet
Codonopsis meleagris Diels – (珠鸡斑党参)
Codonopsis micrantha Chipp – (小花党参)
Codonopsis microtubulosa Z.T.Wang & G.J.Xu
Codonopsis obtusa (Chipp) Nannf.
Codonopsis ovata Benth. – Pakistan, Kashmir
Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. – China, Mongolia, Korea, Primorye (党参)
Codonopsis rotundifolia Benth. – Tibet, Yunnan, Himalayas (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan)
Codonopsis subglobosa W.W.Sm. – (球花党参)
Codonopsis subscaposa Kom. – (抽葶党参)
Codonopsis subsimplex Hook.f. & Thomson – Tibet, Himalayas (India, Nepal, Bhutan) (藏南党参)
Codonopsis thalictrifolia Wall. – Tibet, Himalayas (India, Nepal, Bhutan) – (唐松草党参)
Codonopsis tsinglingensis Pax & K.Hoffm. – (秦岭党参)
Codonopsis tubulosa Kom. – (管花党参)
Codonopsis ussuriensis (Rupr. & Maxim.) Hemsl. – China, Japan, Korea, Primorye (雀斑党参)
Codonopsis viridiflora Maxim. – (绿花党参)
Codonopsis viridis Wall. – Tibet, Himalayas (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan)

Formerly placed here

Himalacodon dicentrifolius (C.B.Clarke) D.Y.Hong & Qiang Wang (as Codonopsis dicentrifolia (C.B.Clarke) W.W.Sm.) – (珠峰党参)
Pankycodon purpureus (Wall.) D.Y.Hong & X.T.Ma (as Codonopsis purpurea Wall.) – Tibet, Yunnan, Himalayas (India, Nepal, Bhutan) (紫花党参)
Pseudocodon convolvulaceus (Kurz) D.Y.Hong & H.Sun (as Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz) – Tibet, Yunnan, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar (鸡蛋参)
Pseudocodon convolvulaceus subsp. forrestii (Diels) D.Y.Hong (as Codonopsis forrestii Diels) – China, Myanmar
Pseudocodon rosulatus (W.W.Sm.) D.Y.Hong (as Codonopsis rosulata W.W.Sm.) – (莲座状党参)

References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
K.E. Morris and T.G. Lammers (1997). "Circumscription of Codonopsis and the allied genera Campanumoea and Leptocodon (Campanulaceae: Campanuloideae). I. Palynological data". Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 36: 277–284.
Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. Continental Publishing, Deurne.
Flora of China v 19 p 505, 桔梗科 jie geng ke, Campanulaceae
Li, C. Y., et al. (2009). Quality assessment of Radix Codonopsis by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. Journal of Chromatography A 1216(11) 2124-29.
Codonopsis Wall. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 23 August 2024.