Costus spectabilis

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Zingiberales

Familia: Costaceae
Genus: Costus
Species: Costus spectabilis
Name

Costus spectabilis (Fenzl) K.Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 422 (1892).
Synonyms

Basionym
Cadalvena spectabilis Fenzl, Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 2, 51(2): 139 (1865).
Homotypic
Kaempferia spectabilis (Fenzl) Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 7: 297 (1898).
Heterotypic
Costus pistiifolius K.Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 424 (1892).
Cadalvena pistiifolia (K.Schum.) Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 7: 297 (1898).
Cadalvena dalzielii C.H.Wright, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 195 (1912).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:
References
Primary references

Schumann, K.M., 1892. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 15: 422.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Costus spectabilis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 November 21. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Costus spectabilis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 November 21. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Costus spectabilis. Published online. Accessed: November 21 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Costus spectabilis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 November 21.

Vernacular names

Costus spectabilis, commonly known as the yellow trumpet, is an African, gregarious species of herb; low and perennial, it is found from Sierra Leone to Sudan to as far south as Angola and Zimbabwe.

Species habit and description

It produces four large (12 x 12 cm), fleshy leaves which lie flat on the ground and form a basal rosette. They are glabrous above and pubescent below, especially along the midrib. The leaf margin is entire, often with an edging of purple-pink. The inflorescence is terminal, growing from the center of the rosette. The flowers are showy, yellow, and open singly and die rapidly, but are immediately followed by another. The species becomes dormant during winter, shrinking to a centipede-like rhizome without roots. In spring it produces paddle-shaped leaves that appress to the soil when fully formed, similar to water-lily pads. The abaxial leaf surface has a spongy white texture. Flowers are bright yellow with a crisped margin, and some 9 cm across, with a large staminodial labellum, and resembling those of a pumpkin. The texture of the flower is soft and thin.
Familial traits

It is one of some 109 species belonging to the family of Costaceae, which is closely related to the ginger family Zingiberaceae. All are tropical and occur in Asia, Africa, Australia and the Americas. Their underground storage organs are rhizomes, and they are largely shade-loving, with some species able to grow in full sunlight. They prefer moist soil and a humid climate.[1] The rhizomes, which are covered in brown papery scales which are hairy in their lower half, lengthen, spreading below ground level to form new offshoots. In cultivation in pots, the rhizomes will grow through drainage holes or follow the inside contours of the pot.[2]
Range and habitat

This geophyte is found over much of tropical Africa in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is found in wooded grassland and deciduous woodland, occasionally near termite mounds or around rocks.[3]

Symbolism

Claire Waight Keller included the plant to represent Nigeria in Meghan Markle's wedding veil, which included the distinctive flora of each Commonwealth country.[4]

References

"Costus | Pacific Bulb Society". Pacificbulbsociety.org. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
"A not so simple garden: Costus spectabilis, a Spectacular Plant Indeed". Geraniosgarden.blogspot.com. 13 July 2014.
"Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: Costus spectabilis". Zimbabweflora.co.zw. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
"The Wedding Dress, Bridesmaids' Dresses and Page Boys' Uniforms". Royal.uk. 19 May 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2021.