Crossyne

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamilia: Amaryllidoideae
Tribus: Amaryllideae
Subtribus: Strumariinae
Genus: Crossyne
Species: C. flava - C. guttata
Name

Crossyne Salisb., Gen. 116. Apr-Mai 1866.

Typus: Crossyne ciliaris (L.) Salisb., nom. inval. = C. guttata
(L.) D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies

References

Salisbury, R.A., 18: The Genera of Plants. A fragment containing part of Liriogamæ. London, 116.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Crossyne in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 August 19. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Crossyne in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 August 19. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Crossyne. Published online. Accessed: 19 August 2019.
The Plant List 2013. Crossyne in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2019 August 19.
Tropicos.org 2019. Crossyne. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 19 August 2019.

Vernacular names

Crossyne is a genus of African plants in the Amaryllis family.[1]
Taxonomy and features

There are two known species, both of which are native to Cape Province in South Africa:[2][3]

Crossyne Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 116 (1866).[2]

Crossyne flava (W.F.Barker ex Snijman) D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.
Crossyne guttata (L.) D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies, Feddes Repert. 105: 358 (1994)

After being included in the genus Boophone for many decades, Crossyne was raised to genus status in the 1990s, most conspicuously on the basis that:

Crossyne leaves undergo the following characteristic metamorphosis, the seedling starting from paired, small, lorate leaves growing more or less erect among competing low vegetation. From the age of some four to six years however, the bulbs become large enough to produce broad, flat, prostrate leaves that compete well for space by growing over small neighbours. In this they differ from Boophone species, that grow more erectly, with distichous leaves.
The leaf margins of Crossyne are completely fringed with straight short bristles, typically 1 cm or so in length, in one or more rows; Boophone leaves are completely glabrous.
In both genera the bulb commonly grows to a mass of well over a kilogram, but the bulbs of Crossyne do not extend above ground at all unless because of erosion or similar factors, whereas Boophone bulbs tend to project perhaps halfway above the ground, depending on circumstances.

General biology

If not disturbed, which in the wild they seldom are, being dangerously poisonous, the bulbs grow for decades at least. As the bulb grows larger it produces more leaves, some six or eight in a season when mature. The leaves grow in a radial arrangement around the top of the bulb, emerging from a flat slit. The leaves are a decorative dark green, coriaceous in texture and mottled or spotted beneath, especially near the base. The margins of the leaves of all ages are elegantly ciliate, being fringed with eyelash-like bristles. The plant is strictly deciduous and endemic to a mainly winter-rainfall, partly semi-arid, region; the leaves emerging near the time of the first rains, about when the plant sheds the infructescence. The leaves dry out, curl up somewhat and detach towards late springtime or mid-summer, leaving little sign of the whereabouts of the dormant, buried bulb. If torn, whether live or as yet undecayed, the leaves dried sap forms silky threads that in past times cattle herders used to apply to bleeding cuts as a styptic.
References

Salisbury, Richard Anthony. 1866. Genera of Plants 116.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; Retrieved 2017-03-03
Sanbi Red List of South African Plants, search for Crossyne