Eryngium campestre

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Apiales

Familia: Apiaceae
Subfamilia: Saniculoideae
Tribus: Saniculeae
Genus: Eryngium
Species: Eryngium campestre
Name

Eryngium campestre L., 1753
Synonyms

Eryngium campestre var. algeriense Chab.
Eryngium campestre f. duriberum (Sennen & Pau) Perdigó & Llauradó
Eryngium campestre var. latifolium (Hoffmanns. & Link) Mariz
Eryngium campestre var. parvifolium Merino
Eryngium campestre var. tenuibracteatum Sennen
Eryngium campestre var. virens Link
Eryngium dichotomum var. ramosissimum Loscos & J. Pardo
Eryngium duriberum Sennen & Pau
Eryngium latifolium Hoffmanns. & Link
Eryngium officinale Garsault
Eryngium trifidum L.
Eryngium virens Link
Eryngium viride Fraas
Eryngium vulgare Lam.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
Albania, Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Baleares, Bulgaria, Corsica, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Spain, Andorra, Hungary, Italy, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Serbia & Kosovo, Macedonia, Slovenia, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Crimea, Ukraine, Moldavia, C-, S- & E-European Russia, Belarus, Sardinia, Sicily, Greece (incl. Kiklades), Crete, East Aegaean Isl., Rhodos, European Turkey
Continental: Asia-Temperate
Northern Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia [Caucasus], Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia), Iran (N-Iran), Lebanon (Antilebanon), Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai), Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze), Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt)
Continental: Africa
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 233. Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Eryngium campestre. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Sep 15. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Eryngium campestre. Published online. Accessed: Sep 15 2018. Reference page.
The Plant List 2013. Eryngium campestre in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Sep 15.
Tropicos.org 2018. Eryngium campestre. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 15 Sep 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Eryngium campestre in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names
العربية: قرصعنة حقلية
asturianu: Eryngium campestre
azərbaycanca: Çöl zımbırtikanı
български: Ветрогон
català: Card girgoler
Cebuano: Eryngium campestre
čeština: máčka ladní
dansk: Bjerg-Mandstro
Deutsch: Feld-Mannstreu
English: field eryngo
Esperanto: Kampa eringio
español: cardo corredor, cardo correo, cardo setero, cardo yesquero, sombrillas, Picos de la Virgen, Carderol, Cardo de sombrilla, trabalón, cardicuco, cardo virgen, cardo punchero, cardo panical, carlincho, ciencabezas
euskara: Armika
فارسی: قرصعنه
suomi: Kenttäpiikkiputki
français: Panicaut Champêtre, Érynge, Éryngion Blanc, Herbe aux Cent Têtes, Chardon d'Âne, Chardon Roulant, Chardon Roland
galego: Cardo corredor
hrvatski: Kotrljan
magyar: Mezei iringó
italiano: calcatreppola
македонски: валавец
Nederlands: Echte kruisdistel
polski: mikołajek polny
português: Eryngium campestre
slovenčina: kotúč poľný
shqip: Gjembardhi
svenska: Fältmartorn
українська: Миколайчики польові
Winaray: Eryngium campestre

Eryngium campestre, known as field eryngo,[1] or Watling Street thistle,[2] is a species of Eryngium, which is used medicinally. A member of the family Apiaceae, eryngo is a hairless, thorny perennial plant. The leaves are tough and stiff, whitish-green. The basal leaves are long-stalked, pinnate and spiny. The leaves of this plant are mined by the gall fly, Euleia heraclei.[3]
Description

Eryngium campestre is a stiff, hairless, prickly perennial plant. It resembles the better known sea holly (Eryngium maritimum), but is taller and less robust, and the stem and leaves are paler and not bluish-green. The palmate leaves have more slender lobes which are tipped with spines, and the bracts below the flower heads are slender. The stems are thinner, the branches are longer and the globular flower heads are white and much smaller than the sea holly. This plant flowers between July and September.[2]
Distribution and habitat

Eryngium campestre has a mainly Central and Southern Europe distribution, north to Germany and Holland.[4] It is common in many places but in Germany it is restricted to dry habitats near the Rivers Rhine and Elbe.[5] It is very uncommon in dry grassland on neutral or calcareous soils in the southeast of the British Isles, having first been recorded in 1662 by the naturalist John Ray in Devon. It has statutory protection in Somerset and Devon and is persisting in several sites there, but elsewhere it is mostly a short-lived casual of waste ground, road verges and rough pastures.[6]
Uses

Used in herbalism as an infusion to treat coughs, whooping cough and urinary infections. Roots were formerly candied as sweets or boiled and roasted as a vegetable. [4] The plants active constituents are essential oils, saponins, tannins.[7]

In Iran's Mazandaran Province, it has been used in various local dishes for centuries.
References

BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
McClintock, David; Fitter, R.S.R. (1961). The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers. London: Collins. p. 93.
"Grid map of records on the Gateway for Euleia heraclei". National Biodiversity Network. 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
"Eryngium campestre". Plants For A Future. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
Kathrin Bylebyl; Peter Poschlod; Christoph Reisch (2008). "Genetic variation of Eryngium campestre L. (Apiaceae) in Central Europe". Molecular Ecology. 17 (14): 3379–3388. Bibcode:2008MolEc..17.3379B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03836.x. PMID 18564089. S2CID 12782232.
"Eryngium campestre". Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
Murat Kartal; Anne-Claire Mitaine-Offer; Thomas Paululat; Mahmoud Abu-Asaker; Hildebert Wagner; Jean-François Mirjolet; Nicolas Guilbaud; Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois (2006). "Triterpene Saponins from Eryngium campestre". Journal of Natural Products. 69 (7): 1105–1108. doi:10.1021/np060101w. PMID 16872157.