Eryngium ebracteatum

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Apiales

Familia: Apiaceae
Subfamilia: Saniculoideae
Tribus: Saniculeae
Genus: Eryngium
Species: Eryngium ebracteatum
Name

Eryngium ebracteatum Lam., 1798
Synonyms

Eryngium caricinum Standl.
Eryngium ebracteatum var. plicatum Beauverd ex Wolff
Eryngium ebracteatum var. poterioides (Griseb.) Urb.
Eryngium nudiflorum Willd. ex Spreng.
Eryngium poterioides Griseb.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Southern America
NE-Brazil (Piaui, Pernambuco, Bahia), WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goias, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul), SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo), Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Misiones, Rio Negro, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, Tucuman), S-Brazil (Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Pres. Hayes), Uruguay (Montevideo), Venezuela (Apure, Bolivar, Carabobo), Colombia (Antioquia, Casanare, Cauca, Huila, Meta, Nario, Tolima, Valle), Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Lamarck, J.-B., 1798. Encycl. 4:759.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Eryngium ebracteatum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Sep. 16. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Eryngium ebracteatum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.
International Plant Names Index. 2017. Eryngium ebracteatum. Published online. Accessed: Sep-08 2017. Reference page.
The Plant List 2013. Eryngium ebracteatum in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2017 Sep 08.
Tropicos.org 2017. Eryngium ebracteatum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 08 Sep 2017.

Eryngium ebracteatum Lam., the burnet-flowered sea holly, is a herbaceous perennial native to damp grasslands in South America. The species is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Etymology

The specific epithet 'ebracteatum' is derived from the Latin 'e' without and 'bracteatus' bracts. This is notable as the most frequently cultivated Old World Eryngiums such as E. alpinum and E. planum are known for their conspicuous bristly or spiny bracts.[1]
Taxonomy

Eryngium ebracteatum was described in 1797 by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamark (Lam.).[2] This species is a member of the subgenus Monocotyloidea which includes most New World species.[3] Within Monocotyloidea E. ebracteatum is part of a group of South American species with inconspicuous involucral bracts. Its closest relatives are the Argentinian species E. incantatum Lucena, Novara & Cuezzo. and Brazilian species E. balansae H.Wolff.[4]
Morphology

Eryngium ebracteatum is an evergreen herbaceous perennial growing to a height of 1.5 meters. The species has grey-green lance shaped leaves which in contrast to other South American Eryngium are almost or entirely spineless. The inflorescences, which are cone shaped and deep-red are held on wiry branching stems, due to the absence of bracts and reddish color they are often confused with sanguisorba L. species such as S. tenuifolia Fisch. ex Link. and S. officinalis L.[5] E. ebracteatum has underground storage organs and long taproots with little branching.[6] The glaucous leaves of this plant are a result of a covering of epicuticular waxes, the particular arrangement of these wax crystals makes the leaves ultrahydrophobic. In plants this adaptation is known as the lotus effect, and it thought to aid in the removal of dust and soil particles from the leaves which may contain pathogens or reduce photosynthesis.[7]
Distribution and habitat

Eryngium ebracteatum is widely distributed in South and Central America, including Brazil, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela. It is native to undegraded frequently flooding pampas as well as humid mesophytic meadows, the species is found at elevations of 130 to 1600 meters.[8]
Conservation

The conservation status of E. ebracteatum has not been locally evaluated within Colombia,[9] nor has its global threat level been assessed.[10] Despite this, it is known to have a wide distribution across South America so is resilient to local threats. In contrast, its habitat is at risk due to invasive species, especially herbaceous perennials in the Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae families. These plants have often been imported for the horticultural trade and then spread to natural environments.[11]
Cultivation

The most frequently cultivated species of the genus Eryngium are in the subgenus Eryngium (native to rocky and coastal areas). The New World grassland species are cultivated less often but are gaining popularity due to their fit within the naturalistic planting movement. In cultivation, Eryngium ebracteatum requires full sun and moderately fertile soil. Despite being native to wet areas, it is prone to root and crown rot if it receives a combination of low temperatures and waterlogged soil.[12] Most specimens of Eryngium ebracteatum cultivated are of the variety 'poterioides'.[13]
References

"Species Mesembryanthemum ebracteatum". CasaBio. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
"Eryngium ebracteatum Lam". GBIF. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
Calviño, Carolina I.; Martínez, Susana G.; Downie, Stephen R. (2008). "The evolutionary history of Eryngium (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae): Rapid radiations, long distance dispersals, and hybridizations". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 46 (3): 1129–1150. Bibcode:2008MolPE..46.1129C. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.021. PMID 18178486.
"Unraveling the taxonomic complexity of Eryngium L.(Apiaceae, Saniculoideae)" (PDF). Plant Diversity and Evolution.
"Eryngium ebracteatum var. poterioides (Burnet-flowered sea holly)". shoot. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
Grimoldi, Agustín A.; Insausti, Pedro; Vasellati, Viviana; Striker, Gustavo G. (2005). "Constitutive and plastic root traits and their role in differential tolerance to soil flooding among coexisting species of a lowland grassland". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 166 (5): 805–813. doi:10.1086/431805. S2CID 59065491.
Steele, Adam; Bayer, Ilker; Loth, Eric (2009). "Inherently superoleophobic nanocomposite coatings by spray atomization". Nano Letters. 9 (1): 501–505. Bibcode:2009NanoL...9..501S. doi:10.1021/nl8037272. PMID 19099463.
Perelman, S. B.; León, R. J. C.; Oesterheld, M. (2001). "Cross-scale vegetation patterns of Flooding Pampa grasslands". Journal of Ecology. 89 (4): 562–577. Bibcode:2001JEcol..89..562P. doi:10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00579.x. JSTOR 3072212. S2CID 62900034.
"Eryngium ebracteatum Lam". Catalogo de plantas y liquenes de Colombia. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
"Eryngium ebracteatum". IUCN red list. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
Fonseca, Carlos Roberto; Guadagnin, Demetrio Luis; Emer, Carine; Masciadri, Silvana; Germain, Paola; Zalba, Sergio Martin (2013). "Invasive alien plants in the Pampas grasslands: a tri-national cooperation challenge". Biological Invasions. 15 (8): 1751–1763. Bibcode:2013BiInv..15.1751F. doi:10.1007/s10530-013-0406-2. hdl:11336/77938. S2CID 15267885.
"Eryngium ebracteatum var. poterioides (Burnet-flowered sea holly)". shoot. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
"Eryngium ebracteatum var. poterioides". RHS. Retrieved 17 January 2022.