Classification System: APG IV
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales
Familia: Cactaceae
Subfamilia: Cactoideae
Tribus: Echinocereeae
Genus: Escontria
Species: Escontria chiotilla
Name
Escontria chiotilla (F.A.C.Weber) Rose, 1906
Synonyms
Cereus chiotilla F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 83. 1897 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. 2003
Myrtillocactus chiotilla (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 105. 1992 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. 2003
Myrtillocactus chiotilla f. spiralis P.V.Heath in Calyx 2: 105. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)
Distribution
Native distribution areas:
Continental: Northern America
Regional: Mexico
Central & SW. Mexico.
References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references
Rose, J.N., 1906. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Smithsonian Institution 10:126.
Additional references
Korotkova, N., Aquino, D., Arias, S., Eggli, U., Franck, A. , Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Guerrero, P.C., Hernández, H.M., Kohlbecker, A., Köhler, M., Luther, K., Majure, L.C., Müller, A., Metzing, D., Nyffeler, R., Sánchez, D., Schlumpberger, B. & Berendsohn, W.G. 2021. Cactaceae at Caryophyllales. org–a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family. Willdenowia 51(2): 251–270. DOI: 10.3372/wi.51.51208 Open access Reference page.
Links
Korotkova, N. et al. 2021. Escontria chiotilla in Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org. A global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Dec 15. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Escontria chiotilla in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Dec 15. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Escontria chiotilla. Published online. Accessed: Dec 15 2021. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2021. Escontria chiotilla. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 15 Dec 2021.
Hassler, M. 2021. Escontria chiotilla. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Dec 15. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Escontria chiotilla in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Chiotilla
English: Chiotilla, Jiotilla
español: Chiotillo
svenska: Chiotillakaktus
Escontria is a genus of cactus. The only species is Escontria chiotilla, the chiotilla or jiotilla.
Description
The tree-like Escontria chiotilla is heavily branched with flat tops, forms clear trunks and reaches a height of 4 to 7 meters. The light green, cylindrical shoots have a diameter of 8 to 12 cm (3.1 to 4.7 in). It has 7 or 8 acute ribs, are densely covered with dark gray, elongated areoles that sometimes flow into one another. The central spine, which is usually one red-orange to yellow, later turns gray and is up to 20 mm (0.79 in) long. The 10 to 20 marginal spines, sometimes arranged somewhat comb-shaped, are yellowish-brown, later become grayish-white and are up to 12 mm (0.47 in) long.
The yellow, tubular to somewhat bell-shaped flowers, which open during the day, appear below the shoot tip. It bears dark red fruit comparable in appearance and texture to Pitaya, but smaller (3,5 cm).[2] The spherical, fleshy, scaled fruits are purple-brown and have a diameter of 5 cm (2.0 in) or more.[3]
Distribution
The species originates from Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacán, Oaxaca, southern Puebla).
Taxonomy
The first plants were discovered in 1864 by Frédéric Albert Constantin Weber, who sent material to George Engelmann. However, the first description as Cereus chiotilla was not made until 1897 by Karl Moritz Schumann.[4] The botanical name of the genus honors the Mexican engineer and temporary governor of San Luis Potosí Blas Escontria and Bustamante (1848–1906). The specific epithet chiotilla derives from the local name “Chiotilla” for the edible fruits of the plant. Spanish common names are “Chiotilla” and “Jiotilla”. In 1906, Joseph Nelson Rose placed it in the genus Escontria, which he had established.[5]
Another nomenclature synonym is Myrtillocactus chiotilla (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) P.V.Heath (1992).
References
Arreola, H.; Terrazas, T. (2017). "Escontria chiotilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T152145A121523692. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T152145A121523692.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
"Jiotilla Plant (Escontria chiotilla [Weber] Britt. & Rose) as a new resource native to South Mexico". Retrieved 6 May 2012.
Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon (in German). Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Ulmer. p. 279. ISBN 3-8001-4573-1.
Schumann, Karl Moritz; Hirscht, Karl. (1899). Gesamtbeschreibung der Kakteen (Monographia cactacearum) /von Karl Schumann. Neudamm [Dębno, Poland?]: J. Neumann. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.10394.
States., United (1906). "Contributions from the United States National Herbarium". Smithsonian Institution Press. Retrieved 2023-09-24.
Britton, N. L.; Rose, J. N. (1922). The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. Vol. III. Washington: The Carnegie Institution of Washington. p. 65.
Escontria On-line Guide to the positive identification of Members of the Cactus Family: Escontria
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