Galearis

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Orchidoideae
Tribus: Orchideae
Subtribus: Orchidinae
Genus: Galearis
Overview of species (10)

G. camtschatica – G. cyclochila – G. fauriei – G. huanglongensis – G. roborovskii – G. rotundifolia – G. spathulata – G. spectabilis – G. tschiliensis – G. wardii
Name

Galearis Raf., Herb. Raf.: 71 (1833)

Type species: Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf., Herb. Raf.: 72 (1833)

Synonymy

Homotypic
Galeorchis Rydb. in N.L.Britton, Man. Fl. N. States: 292 (1901), nom. superfl.
Heterotypic
Aceratorchis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 328 (1922)
Amerorchis Hultén, Ark. Bot., a.s., 7(1): 34 (1967 publ. 1968)
Chondradenia Maxim. ex F.Maek., Wild Orchids Japan Colour: 456 (1971)
Aorchis Verm., Jahresber. Naturwiss. Vereins Wuppertal 25: 32 (1972)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Temperate
Russian Far East
Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Sakhalin.
China
China South-Central, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
Eastern Asia
Japan, Korea.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
East Himalaya, Nepal, West Himalaya.
Indo-China
Myanmar,
Northern America
Subarctic America
Alaska, Greenland, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon.
Western Canada
Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
Eastern Canada
New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Ontario, Québec.
Northwestern U.S.A.
Montana, Wyoming.
North-Central U.S.A.
Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Wisconsin.
Northeastern U.S.A.
Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Islands, Vermont, West Virginia.
Southeastern U.S.A.
Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2001. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 2: Orchidoideae (Part one); page 290 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850710-0
Rafinesque-Schmaltz, C.S. 1833. Herbarium Rafinesquianum, 71–72.

Additional references

Bateman, R.M., James, K.E., Luo, Y.B., Lauri, R.K., Fulcher, T., Cribb, P.J., & Chase, M.W. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics and morphological reappraisal of the Platanthera clade (Orchidaceae: Orchidinae) prompts expansion of the generic limits of Galearis and Platanthera. Annals of Botany 104: 431–445.

Links

'eFloras 2009. Galearis in Flora of China vol. 25 Orchidaceae --> pdf Galearis
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2022. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Galearis. Accessed: 2022 Jan 5.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Galearis in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jan 5. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Galearis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jan 5. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Galearis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jan 5. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Galearis. Published online. Accessed: 5 Jan 2022.
Tropicos.org 2022. Galearis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 5 Jan 2022.

Vernacular names

日本語: カモメラン属
перем коми: Галеарис
коми: Галеарис
мокшень: Галеарис
кырык мары: Галеарис
удмурт: Галеарис

Galearis is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae)[2] native to North America and eastern Asia. It contains at least nine recognized species.[1][3][4][5] The species name comes from the Greek word orchis ('testicle'), in reference to the shape of the root.[6]
Species

Galearis camtschatica (Cham.) X.H.Jin, Schuit. & W.T.Jin – Japan, Korea, Russian Far East
Galearis cyclochila (Franch. & Sav.) Soó – China, Japan, Korea, Russian Far East
Galearis fauriei (Finet) P.F.Hunt – Japan
Galearis huanglongensis Q.W.Meng & Y.B.Luo – Sichuan
Galearis roborovskyi (Maxim.) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale – China, Tibet, Nepal, eastern Himalayas
Galearis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) R.M.Bateman – Canada, Greenland, northern United States
Galearis spathulata (Lindl.) P.F.Hunt – China, Himalayas, Nepal, Myanmar
Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. – eastern Canada; eastern and central United States
Galearis tschiliensis (Schltr.) P.J.Cribb, S.W.Gale & R.M.Bateman – China
Galearis wardii (W.W.Sm.) P.F.Hunt – China including Tibet

References

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel. (1833). Herbarium Rafinesquianum 71–72.
Flora of China, v 25 p 90, 盔花兰属 kui hua lan shu, Galearis
Flora of North America, Galearis
Flora of North America, Amerorchis, synonym of Galearis fide Kew WCSPF
Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 661. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.