Phleum

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Poeae
Subtribus: Phleinae
Genus: Phleum
Subgenus: P. subg. Chilochloa

Sectiones: P. sect. Chilochloa – P. sect. Echinata – P. sect. Phlearium
Series: P. ser. Hirsuta – P. ser. Montana – P. ser. Phleoidea – P. ser. Pratenses

Species (15): P. alpinum – P. arenarium – P. bertolonii – P. boissieri – P. crypsoides – P. echinatum – P. exaratum – P. himalaicum – P. hirsutum – P. iranicum – P. montanum – P. paniculatum – P. phleoides – P. pratense – P. subulatum
Nothospecies: P. × brueggeri – P. × viniklarii

P. alpinum - - P. arenarium - - P. boissieri - - P. commutatum - P. exaratum - - P. gibbum - - P. hirsutum - - P. iranicum - P. japonicum - - P. montanum - - P. nodosum - - P. paniculatum - - P. phleoides - P. pratense - - P. subulatum

Name

Phleum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 59 (1753).

Type species: Phleum pratense L., Sp. Pl.: 59 (1753)

Synonyms

Homotypic
Stelephuros Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 31, 607 (1763), nom. superfl.
Plantinia Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 4: 268 (1901), nom. superfl.
Heterotypic
Achnodonton P.Beauv.]], Ess. Agrostogr.: 24 (1812).
Chilochloa P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 37 (1812).
Achnodon Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 65 (1827).
Maillea Parl., Pl. Nov.: 31 (1842).

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 59. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Phleum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Nov 14. Reference page.
Simon, B.K., Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T., Vorontsova, M., Brake, I., Healy, D. & Alfonso, Y. 2013. GrassWorld, Phleum. Published online. Accessed: 2013 Dec. 17.
Tropicos.org 2013. Phleum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 17 Dec. 2013. Reference page.
Find all Wikispecies pages which cite this reference.

International Plant Names Index. 2013. Phleum. Published online. Accessed: 17 Dec. 2013. Reference page.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Цімафееўка
Deutsch: Lieschgräser
English: Timothy or Cat's Tail
suomi: Tähkiöt

Phleum (common name timothy) is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the grass family.[4] The genus is native to Europe, Asia and north Africa, with one species (P. alpinum) also in North and South America.[5]

They are tufted grasses growing to 20–150 cm tall, with cylindrical, spike-like panicles containing many densely packed spikelets.[6]

Species[3][7][8][9]

Phleum alpinum – subarctic and mountainous areas in Eurasia, the Americas, South Georgia, etc.
Phleum arenarium – western + southern Europe; Mediterranean
Phleum bertolonii - Europe, Middle East
Phleum boissieri - southwest Asia
Phleum × brueggeri - France, Switzerland
Phleum crypsoides - Sardinia, Greece, Cyprus
Phleum echinatum - Italy, Greece, Balkans, Crimea
Phleum exaratum - from Italy to Uzbekistan
Phleum gibbum - Turkey
Phleum himalaicum - Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir
Phleum hirsutum - central Europe, Balkans, Ukraine, Caucasus
Phleum iranicum - Iran
Phleum montanum - from Balkans to Iran
Phleum paniculatum - from Spain to Japan
Phleum phleoides – from Portugal + Morocco to eastern Siberia
Phleum pratense – Timothy – from Portugal + Morocco to central Asia; naturalized in East Asia, the Americas, etc.
Phleum subulatum - from Portugal to Pakistan
Phleum × viniklarii - Dalmatia

Formerly included[3]

Numerous species now considered better suited to other genera: Aegilops Alopecurus Beckmannia Crypsis Cynodon Cynosurus Digitaria Elytrophorus Ischaemum Mnesithea Muhlenbergia Pennisetum Pentameris Phalaris Polypogon Polytrias Sesleria Tribolium
Cultivation and uses

Several species are important for cattle feed and as hay for horses and other domestic animals.[10]
References

lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 119. 1929
"Tropicos - Name - Phleum L." www.tropicos.org.
"Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". kew.org.
Linné, Carl von; Linné, Carl von; Salvius, Lars (1753). Caroli Linnaei ... Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas... Vol. 1. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii.
"Species in GRIN for genus". www.ars-grin.gov. Archived from the original on 2008-10-11.
"Phleum in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
"Search results — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
"Generi della flora italiana: Phleum". luirig.altervista.org. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
"Flora Europaea Search Results". rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
NRCS. "Phleum". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2018-10-15.