Pterostylis

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Orchidoideae
Tribus: Cranichideae
Subtribus: Pterostylidinae
Genus: Pterostylis
Overview of species (259)
Top · a · b · c · d · e · f · g · h · i · j · k · l · m · n · o · p · q · r · s · t · u · v · w · x · y · z
a

P. abrupta – P. aciculiformis – P. acuminata – P. aestiva – P. agathicola – P. agrestis – P. alata – P. allantoidea – P. alobula – P. alpina – P. alveata – P. amabilis – P. anaclasta – P. anatona – P. aneba – P. angusta – P. antennifera – P. aphylla – P. aquilonia – P. arenicola – P. areolata – P. aspera – P. atrans – P. atriola – P. auriculata – P. australis
b

P. banksii – P. baptistii – P. barbata – P. barringtonensis – P. basaltica – P. bicolor – P. bicornis – P. biseta – P. boormanii – P. borealis – P. brevichila – P. brumalis – P. bruniella – P. brunneola – P. bryophila – P. bureaviana
c

P. calceolus – P. caligna – P. campestris – P. cardiostigma – P. caulescens – P. cernua – P. chaetophora – P. cheraphila – P. chlorogramma – P. chocolatina – P. ciliata – P. clavigera – P. clivicola – P. clivosa – P. cobarensis – P. coccina – P. collina – P. commutata – P. concava – P. concinna – P. conferta – P. corpulenta – P. crassa – P. crassicaulis – P. crassichila – P. crebra – P. crebriflora – P. cucullata – P. curta – P. cycnocephala
d

P. daintreana – P. decurva – P. depauperata – P. despectans – P. dilatata – P. diminuta – P. divaricata – P. diversiflora – P. dolichochila – P. dubia
e

P. echinulata – P. elegans – P. elegantissima – P. erecta – P. eremaea – P. erubescens – P. erythroconcha – P. exalla – P. excelsa – P. exquisita – P. exserta – P. extranea
f

P. falcata – P. ferruginea – P. fischii – P. flavovirens – P. foliata – P. frenchii – P. fuliginosa – P. furcata – P. furva
g

P. gibbosa – P. glebosa – P. glyphida – P. gracilis – P. graminea – P. grandiflora
h

P. hadra – P. hamata – P. hamiltonii – P. heberlei – P. hians – P. hildae – P. hispidula – P. humilis
i

P. incognita – P. insectifera – P. irsoniana – P. irwinii
j

P. jacksonii – P. jonesii
k

P. karri
l

P. laxa – P. lepida – P. leptochila – P. lineata – P. lingua – P. littoralis – P. loganii – P. longicurva – P. longifolia – P. longipetala – P. lortensis – P. lustra
m

P. macilenta – P. macrocalymma – P. macrosceles – P. macrosepala – P. major – P. maxima – P. melagramma – P. metcalfei – P. microglossa – P. micromega – P. microphylla – P. mirabilis – P. mitchellii – P. montana – P. monticola – P. multiflora – P. mutica – P. mystacina
n

P. nana – P. nichollsiana – P. nigricans – P. nutans
o

P. oblonga – P. obtusa – P. oliveri – P. ophioglossa – P. oreophila – P. ovata
p

P. paludosa – P. papuana – P. parca – P. parva – P. parviflora – P. patens – P. pearsonii – P. pedina – P. pedoglossa – P. pedunculata – P. perculta – P. petrosa – P. picta – P. planulata – P. platypetala – P. plumosa – P. porrecta – P. praetermissa – P. prasina – P. pratensis – P. procera – P. psammophilus – P. puberula – P. pulchella – P. pusilla – P. pyramidalis
r

P. recurva – P. reflexa – P. repanda – P. revoluta – P. riparia – P. robusta – P. roensis – P. rogersii – P. rubenachii – P. rubescens – P. rufa – P. russellii
s

P. sanguinea – P. sargentii – P. saxicola – P. scabra – P. scabrida – P. scapula – P. scitula – P. scoliosa – P. setifera – P. silvicultrix – P. simulans – P. sinuata – P. smaragdyna – P. spatalium – P. spathulata – P. spissa – P. splendens – P. squamata – P. stenochila – P. stenosepala – P. stricta – P. subtilis
t

P. tanypoda – P. tasmanica – P. taurus – P. telmata – P. tenuicauda – P. tenuis – P. tenuissima – P. thulia – P. timorensis – P. timothyi – P. torquata – P. tristis – P. trullifolia – P. truncata – P. tryphera – P. tunstallii – P. turfosa
u

P. uliginosa – P. umbrina
v

P. venosa – P. ventricosa – P. vernalis – P. vescula – P. virens – P. viriosa – P. vitrea – P. vittata – P. voigtii
w

P. wapstrarum – P. williamsonii – P. woollsii
x

P. xerampelina – P. xerophila
z

P. zebrina – P. ziegeleri
Nothospecies: (5)

P. × aenigma – P. × conoglossa – P. × furcillata – P. × ingens – P. × toveyana
Name

Pterostylis R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.: 326 (1810), nom. cons.

Type species: Pterostylis curta R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.: 326 (1810)

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Diplodium Sw., Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4: 84 (1810)
Oligochaetochilus Szlach., Polish Bot. J. 46: 23 (2001)
Plumatichilos Szlach., Polish Bot. J. 46: 22 (2001)
Bunochilus D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 66 (2002)
Crangonorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 67 (2002)
Eremorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 72 (2002)
Hymenochilus D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 72 (2002)
Linguella D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 74 (2002)
Petrorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 78 (2002)
Pharochilum D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 80 (2002)
Ranorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 82 (2002)
Speculantha D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 82 (2002)
Stamnorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 83 (2002)
Taurantha D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 85 (2002)
× Taurodium D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 87 (2002)
Urochilus D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Austral. Orchid Res. 4: 87 (2002)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Tropical
Malesia
Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku.
Papuasia
New Guinea.
Australasia
Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia.
New Zealand
Chatham Islands, New Zealand North, New Zealand South.
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
New Caledonia.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Brown, R. 1810. Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae 326.
Janes, J.K. & Duretto, M.F. (2010) A new classification for subtribe Pterostylidinae (Orchidaceae), reafferming Pterostylis in the broad sense. Australian Systematic Botany 23: 260–269.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2003. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 3: Orchidoideae (Part two); page 157 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850711-9

Links

Emonocot.org 2013. Pterostylis in The Orders and Families of Monocotyledons. Published online. Accessed: 2013 July 4.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Pterostylis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 June 24. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2012. Pterostylis. Published online. Accessed: 29. Sept. 2012.
Pterostylis New Zealand 1]
Pterostylis New Zealand 2]
Pterostylis New Zealand 3]
Pterostylis New Zealand 4]
The Plant List 2013. Pterostylis in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2014 Apr. 22.
Tropicos.org 2012. Pterostylis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 29 Sept. 2012.

Vernacular names

English: Greenhood orchids
перем коми: Птеростилис
коми: Птеростилис
кырык мары: Птеростилис
удмурт: Птеростилис

Pterostylis is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Commonly called greenhood orchids, they are terrestrial, deciduous, perennial, tuberous, herbs found in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, New Caledonia and one Indonesian island. The flowers are mostly green, sometimes with brown, reddish or white stripes, and are distinguished from other orchids by their unusual flower structures and pollination mechanism.

Description

Greenhood orchids are all terrestrial herbs with an underground tuber like many other genera of orchids but are distinguished by a hood-like "galea" formed by the fusing of the dorsal sepal and two lateral petals. The galea curves forward, covers the sexual parts of the flower, is important in the pollination process and is about as long as the two petals. The dorsal sepal is translucent white with green, reddish or brown stripes. The two lateral sepals are joined at their base, form the front of the flower and usually protrude to form "points" or "ears" which extend above or to the side of the galea. The third (medial) petal forms the highly modified labellum. As in other orchids, the sexual parts of the flower form part of the column and in all greenhoods, this structure has a pair of mostly translucent wings and is also important in pollination.[3][4][5]

The tuber of a greenhood is usually more or less spherical in shape and lasts for about a year then dies. A new one is produced early in the life of the parent tuber at the same time as a new shoot is produced and continues to grow, reaching maturity at the end of the growing season. In some species, a larger number of "daughter" tubers grow, and a colony of orchids is produced. The leaves are either attached in a rosette to the base of the peduncle or "stalk" of the plant by a short petiole, or further up it, in which case the leaves are sessile. There may be one or several flowers on the peduncle.[3][4][5]

The fruit of a greenhood is a dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 tiny seeds and is oblong to elliptic in shape with three ridges. Other parts of the flower wither soon after pollination and the dry remains are attached to the end of the capsule.[3][5]
Taxonomy and naming

The first observation of Pterostylis by European botanists was probably by Joseph Banks when HMS Endeavour visited Botany Bay in 1770 but any specimens collected were lost later in the voyage. The first formal description of a greenhood was by Jacques Labillardière who collected a specimen from Bruny Island and gave it the name Disperis alata.[6] After several name changes, Disperis alata is now known as Pterostylis alata. John White, the first surgeon-general of the colony of New South Wales collected several species and George Caley collected 208 greenhood specimens from 16 species and described them in great detail, including details of their habitat and gave them names like Druids Cap patersoni but did not publish his work.[3]

The genus Pterostylis was first raised by Robert Brown who formally described 19 species but did not nominate a type species. The species he described were collected from the east coast of the mainland and from Tasmania and the descriptions were published in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae.[1][3][7]

Alan Cunningham was the first to describe a New Zealand species, P. banksii and John Lindley described the first four Western Australian species, P. vittata, P. pyramidalis, P. barbata and P. scabra from specimens collected by James Drummond.[3][8] About 300 species are recognised and about 200 of them have been formally described and named.[9]

In 2001 the genus Pterostylis was split such that two new genera, Plumatichilos and Oligochaetochilus, were established based on morphological characters.[10] These divisions effectively separated species with a thread-like, feathery labellum (Plumatichilos), and those with downward-curved lateral sepals (Oligochaetochilus) from the remaining Pterostylis species. The following year, David Jones and Mark Clements proposed further separating Pterostylis into sixteen genera based on a combination of molecular and morphological characters: the genera Bunochilus, Crangonorchis, Diplodium, Eremorchis, Hymenochilus, Linguella, Oligochaetochilus, Petrorchis, Pharochilum, Plumatichilos, Ranorchis, Speculantha, Stamnorchis, Taurantha and Urochilus.[11] These changes were not adopted widely by Australian herbaria[4] as the data appeared to support a monophyletic group.[12] In 2010, further molecular work reinstated Pterostylis as a monophyletic group[13] with two subgenera distinguishing species with lateral sepals that are bent sharply downwards ("deflexed") from those with the lateral sepals bent backwards ("recurved").[14]

The genus name (Pterostylis) is derived from the Greek words pteron meaning 'wing' and stylos meaning 'pillar' or 'post', but in orchids, generally applies to the column.[15][9]

The closest relative of Pterostylis is Achlydosa,[16] restricted to New Caledonia and the sole other genus of subtribe Pterostylidinae.
Distribution and habitat

Orchids in the genus Pterostylis occur mostly in Australia but are also found in New Zealand, including some of its smaller islands such as Chatham Island, and in New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland and on Seram Island in Indonesia. In Australia they are found in all states and Lord Howe Island, but not in the Northern Territory. They grow in a wide range of habitats, especially in temperate zones and are found in grassland, heath, scrub, woodland and forest, including rainforest. They sometimes grow in semi-arid areas but usually near rocks or crevices where there is run-off during rain. In tropical regions they tend to grow at higher altitudes where temperatures are lower. Most have periods of dormancy which coincide with climatic extremes, surviving as small tubers until favourable conditions return.[3]
Ecology

Most greenhoods are pollinated by insects, nearly always by tiny flies from the family Mycetophilidae or by mosquitoes (Family Culicidae).[17] The insect approaches the flower from downwind, as if attracted by a scent and usually lands on the galea. (In the case of Pterostylis sanguinea, the pollinator is a male fungus gnat of the genus Mycomya which attempts to copulate with the labellum, which produces the chemical attractant.)[18] The insect then enters the flower and either because it has passed a balance point, or because it has touched a sensitive part of the labellum, the labellum moves forward trapping the insect between the column wings, the labellum and other flower parts. Observation of the insect's reaction to entrapment is difficult to observe, but in its struggle to escape, it either deposits pollinia from a previously visited flower or contacts the sticky viscidium and pollinia are attached, then carried to another flower. The features of an actively-moving labellum, along with the galea, are unique to these orchids.[3]
Uses
Use in horticulture

Greenhoods are easily grown in pots and usually flower well, filling the pot in a few years. Pterostylis curta and P. nutans can be grown in commercial orchid potting mix with coarse gravel added. A bushhouse or cool glasshouse are needed for some species. Greenhoods need regular watering in the growing seaseon but must be kept dry when dormant.[3][19][20]
Species

Pterostylis abrupta D.L.Jones – tablelands greenhood
Pterostylis aciculiformis (Nicholls) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – needle-point rustyhood, slender ruddyhood
Pterostylis acuminata R.Br. – sharp greenhood, pointed greenhood
Pterostylis aenigma D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – enigmatic greenhood
Pterostylis aestiva D.L.Jones – long-tongued summer greenhood
Pterostylis agathicola D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. – kauri greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis agrestis (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
Pterostylis alata (Labill.) Rchb.f. – striped greenhood
Pterostylis allantoidea R.S.Rogers – shy greenhood
Pterostylis alobula (Hatch) L.B.Moore - winter greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis alpina R.S.Rogers – mountain greenhood
Pterostylis alveata Garnet – coastal greenhood
Pterostylis amabilis (D.L.Jones & L.M.Copel.) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis anaclasta (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
Pterostylis anatona D.L.Jones – Eungella greenhood
Pterostylis aneba D.L.Jones
Pterostylis angusta A.S.George – narrow-hooded shell orchid, narrow shell orchid
Pterostylis antennifera (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis aphylla Lindl. – leafless greenhood
Pterostylis aquilonia D.L.Jones & B.Gray – northern cobra greenhood
Pterostylis arenicola M.A.Clem. & J.Stewart – sandhill rustyhood
Pterostylis areolata Petrie (N.Z.)
Pterostylis arfakensis (J.J.Sm.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. (West Papua)
Pterostylis aspera D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – rough shell orchid
Pterostylis atrans D.L.Jones – dark-tip greenhood, blunt-tongue greenhood
Pterostylis atriola D.L.Jones – Snug greenhood
Pterostylis atrosanguinea D.L.Jones & C.J.French
Pterostylis auriculata Colenso (N.Z.)
Pterostylis australis Hook.f. – southern greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis banksii A.Cunn. (N.Z.)
Pterostylis baptistii Fitzg. – king greenhood
Pterostylis barbata Lindl. – western bearded greenhood, bird orchid
Pterostylis barringtonensis (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – Barrington leafy greenhood
Pterostylis basaltica D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – basalt rustyhood, basalt greenhood
Pterostylis bicolor M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – black-tip greenhood
Pterostylis bicornis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – horned greenhood
Pterostylis biseta Blackmore & Clemesha – bristled rustyhood
Pterostylis boormanii Rupp – sikh's whiskers, baggy britches, or Boorroans green-hood
Pterostylis borealis (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis brevichila D.L.Jones & C.J.French – dwarf shell orchid
Pterostylis brumalis L.B.Moore – kauri greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis brunneola D.L.Jones & C.J.French – giant snail orchid
Pterostylis bryophila D.L.Jones – Hindmarsh Valley greenhood
Pterostylis bureaviana Schltr. (New Caledonia)
Pterostylis calceolus M.A.Clem. – Bungonia rustyhood
Pterostylis cardiostigma D.Cooper (N.Z.)
Pterostylis caulescens L.O.Williams (New Guinea)
Pterostylis cernua D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. – Westland greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis chaetophora M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – Taree rustyhood, tall rusthood or ruddy hood
Pterostylis cheraphila D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – floodplain rustyhood
Pterostylis chlorogramma D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – green-striped leafy greenhood
Pterostylis chocolatina (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – chocolate-lip leafy greenhood
Pterostylis ciliata M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – hairy rufous greenhood, tall rusthood or hairy rustyhood
Pterostylis clavigera Fitzg. – hairy snail orchid
Pterostylis clivicola (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
Pterostylis clivosa (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis cobarensis M.A.Clem. – inland rustyhood, Cobar rustyhood
Pterostylis coccina Fitzg. – scarlet greenhood
Pterostylis collina (Rupp) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – shiny bull orchid
Pterostylis commutata D.L.Jones – midland rustyhood
Pterostylis concava D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – pouched greenhood, cupped banded greenhood
Pterostylis concinna R.Br. – trim greenhood
Pterostylis conferta (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – leprechaun greenhood, basalt midget greenhood
Pterostylis corpulenta (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis crassa (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – coarse leafy greenhood
Pterostylis crassicaulis (D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.) G.N.Backh. – alpine swan greenhood
Pterostylis crassichila D.L.Jones – plump northern greenhood
Pterostylis crebra (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis crebriflora (D.L.Jones & C.J.French) D.L.Jones & C.J.French
Pterostylis cucullata R.Br. – leafy greenhood
Pterostylis curta R.Br. – blunt greenhood
Pterostylis cycnocephala Fitzg. – swan greenhood
Pterostylis daintreana F.Muell. ex Benth. – Daintree's greenhood
Pterostylis decurva R.S.Rogers – summer greenhood
Pterostylis depauperata F.M.Bailey – keeled greenhood
Pterostylis despectans (Nicholls) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – lowly rustyhood
Pterostylis dilatata A.S.George – robust snail orchid
Pterostylis diminuta (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – small-flowered leafy greenhood
Pterostylis divaricata (D.L.Jones & L.M.Copel.) L.M.Copel. & D.L.Jones
Pterostylis dolichochila D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – long-tongued shell orchid
Pterostylis dubia R.Br. – blue-tongued greenhood
Pterostylis echinulata D.L.Jones & C.J.French – hairy-leafed snail orchid
Pterostylis elegans D.L.Jones – elegant greenhood
Pterostylis elegantissima (D.L.Jones & C.J.French) D.L.Jones – elegant rufous greenhood
Pterostylis erecta T.E.Hunt - upright maroonhood
Pterostylis eremaea (D.L.Jones & C.J.French) D.L.Jones & C.J.French
Pterostylis erubescens D.L.Jones & C.J.French – red sepaled snail orchid
Pterostylis erythroconcha M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – red shell orchid
Pterostylis exalla (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
Pterostylis excelsa M.A.Clem. – tall rustyhood, dry land green-hood
Pterostylis exquisita (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis exserta (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones – exserted rufous greenhood
Pterostylis extranea (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
Pterostylis falcata R.S.Rogers – sickle greenhood
Pterostylis ferruginea (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – Bangham rustyhood
Pterostylis fischii Nicholls – Fisch's greenhood
Pterostylis flavovirens (D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates – coastal banded greenhood
Pterostylis foliata Hook.f. – slender greenhood
Pterostylis frenchii (D.L.Jones) A.P.Br. – tuart rufous greenhood
Pterostylis fuliginosa (D.L.Jones & C.J.French) D.L.Jones & C.J.French
Pterostylis furcata Lindl. – forked greenhood
Pterostylis furva (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis gibbosa R.Br. – Illawarra rustyhood, Illawarra greenhood
Pterostylis glebosa D.L.Jones & C.J.French – clubbed snail orchid
Pterostylis glyphida (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
Pterostylis graminea Hook.f. – grass-leaved greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis grandiflora R.Br. – superb greenhood, cobra greenhood
Pterostylis hadra (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis hamata Blackmore & Clemesha – southern hooked rustyhood
Pterostylis hamiltonii Nicholls – red-veined shell orchid
Pterostylis heberlei (D.L.Jones & C.J.French) D.L.Jones & C.J.French
Pterostylis hians D.L.Jones – opera house orchid
Pterostylis hildae Nicholls – rainforest greenhood
Pterostylis hispidula Fitzg. – small nodding greenhood, box greenhood
Pterostylis humilis R.S.Rogers (N.Z.)
Pterostylis incognita (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – Sale greenhood
Pterostylis insectifera M.A.Clem. – insect-lipped rufous greenhood, leaden rustyhood
Pterostylis irsoniana Hatch (N.Z.)
Pterostylis irwinii D.L.Jones (N.Z.)
Pterostylis jacksonii D.L.Jones & C.J.French – southwest granite snail orchid
Pterostylis jonesii G.N.Backh. – montane leafy greenhood
Pterostylis karri D.L.Jones & C.J.French – karri snail orchid
Pterostylis laxa Blackmore – antelope greenhood
Pterostylis lepida (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – Halbury greenhood
Pterostylis leptochila M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – Ravensthorpe rufous greenhood, narrow-lipped rustyhood
Pterostylis lineata (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – Blue Mountains leafy greenhood
Pterostylis lingua M.A.Clem. – large-lipped rustyhood
Pterostylis littoralis (D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates – coastal leafy greenhood
Pterostylis loganii (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – Logan's leafy greenhood
Pterostylis longicurva Rupp – long-tongued greenhood
Pterostylis longifolia R.Br. – common leafy greenhood, tall greenhood
Pterostylis longipetala Rupp – curved greenhood
Pterostylis lortensis D.L.Jones & C.J.French – Lort River snail orchid
Pterostylis lustra D.L.Jones – small sickle greenhood
Pterostylis macilenta (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
Pterostylis macrocalymma M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – large-hooded rufous greenhood, Murchison rustyhood
Pterostylis macrosceles (D.L.Jones & C.J.French) D.L.Jones – slender rufous greenhood
Pterostylis macrosepala (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
Pterostylis major (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
Pterostylis maxima M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – large rustyhood
Pterostylis melagramma D.L.Jones – black-stripe leafy greenhood
Pterostylis metcalfei D.L.Jones – Metcalfe's greenhood, large kinked greenhood or Ebor greenhood
Pterostylis microglossa D.L.Jones & C.J.French – Kalbarri shell orchid
Pterostylis micromega Hook.f. – swamp greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis microphylla D.L.Jones & C.J.French – small rosette snail orchid
Pterostylis mirabilis (D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates – nodding rufous-hood
Pterostylis mitchellii Lindl. – Mitchell's rustyhood
Pterostylis montana Hatch (N.Z.)
Pterostylis monticola D.L.Jones – large mountain greenhood
Pterostylis multiflora (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – tall tiny greenhood
Pterostylis mutica R.Br. – midget greenhood
Pterostylis mystacina (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
Pterostylis nana R.Br. – dwarf snail orchid
Pterostylis nichollsiana (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis nigricans D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – dark greenhood
Pterostylis nutans R.Br. – nodding greenhood, parrot's beak orchid
Pterostylis oblonga D.L.Jones – coastal maroonhood
Pterostylis obtusa R.Br. – blunt greenhood
Pterostylis oliveri Petrie (N.Z.)
Pterostylis ophioglossa R.Br. – snake-tongue greenhood
Pterostylis orbiculata D.L.Jones & C.J.French coastal banded greenhood
Pterostylis oreophila Clemesha – Kiandra greenhood, blue-tongued greenhood
Pterostylis ovata M.A.Clem. – Gawler Range rustyhood
Pterostylis paludosa D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. – swamp greenhood
Pterostylis papuana Rolfe
Pterostylis parca (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – Lithgow leafy greenhood
Pterostylis parva D.L.Jones & C.J.French – fawn snail orchid
Pterostylis parviflora R.Br. - tiny greenhood
Pterostylis patens Colenso (N.Z.)
Pterostylis pearsonii (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
Pterostylis pedina (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
Pterostylis pedoglossa Fitzg. – prawn greenhood
Pterostylis pedunculata R.Br. – upright maroonhood
Pterostylis perculta (D.L.Jones & C.J.French) D.L.Jones – ruddy hood
Pterostylis petrosa D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – Riverina rustyhood
Pterostylis picta M.A.Clem. – painted rufous greenhood, painted rustyhood
Pterostylis planulata D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – flat rustyhood
Pterostylis platypetala D.L.Jones & C.J.French – broad petaled snail orchid
Pterostylis plumosa Cady - bearded greenhood, plumed greenhood
Pterostylis porrecta D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. (N.Z.)
Pterostylis praetermissa M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – Mount Kaputar rustyhood
Pterostylis prasina (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – mallee leafy greenhood
Pterostylis pratensis D.L.Jones – Liawenee greenhood
Pterostylis procera D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – short-lipped greenhood
Pterostylis psammophila (D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates – two-bristle greenhood
Pterostylis puberula Hook.f. – dwarf greenhood, snail greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis pulchella Messmer – waterfall greenhood, escarpment greenhood or pretty greenhood
Pterostylis pusilla R.S.Rogers – tiny rustyhood
Pterostylis pyramidalis Lindl. - tall snail orchid, leafy snail orchid
Pterostylis recurva Benth. – jug orchid, recurved shell orchid, antelope orchid or bull orchid
Pterostylis reflexa R.Br. – dainty greenhood
Pterostylis revoluta R.Br. – autumn greenhood
Pterostylis riparia D.L.Jones – streamside greenhood
Pterostylis robusta R.S.Rogers – sharp-leaf greenhood
Pterostylis roensis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – painted rufous greenhood, dark rustyhood
Pterostylis rogersii E.Coleman – curled-tongue shell orchid
Pterostylis rubenachii D.L.Jones – Arthur River greenhood
Pterostylis rubescens (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – blushing tiny greenhood
Pterostylis rubiginosa (D.L.Jones & L.M.Copel.) L.M.Copel. & D.L.Jones
Pterostylis rufa R.Br. - red rustyhood
Pterostylis russellii T.E.Hunt – Russell's greenhood
Pterostylis sanguinea D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – red-banded greenhood, dark-banded greenhood
Pterostylis sargentii C.R.P.Andrews – frog greenhood
Pterostylis saxicola D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – Sydney plains rustyhood, Sydney plains greenhood
Pterostylis scabra Lindl. – green-veined shell orchid
Pterostylis scabrida Lindl. – rough greenhood
Pterostylis scapula (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis scitula D.L.Jones & C.J.French – elegant snail orchid
Pterostylis scoliosa D.L.Jones – small kinked greenhood
Pterostylis setifera M.A.Clem. – bristly rustyhood, sikh's whiskers,
Pterostylis silvicultrix (F.Muell.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – Chatham Island greenhood, tutukiwi (N.Z.)
Pterostylis sinuata (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto – Northampton midget greenhood, western swan greenhood
Pterostylis smaragdyna D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – emerald-lip leafy greenhood
Pterostylis spathulata M.A.Clem. – spoon-lipped rufous greenhood, Moora rustyhood
Pterostylis spissa (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – cygnet greenhood
Pterostylis splendens D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. (New Caledonia)
Pterostylis squamata R.Br. – southern rustyhood, ruddyhood
Pterostylis stenochila D.L.Jones – narrow-lip leafy greenhood
Pterostylis stenosepala (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – narrow-sepalled leafy greenhood
Pterostylis striata Fitzg. – mainland striped greenhood
Pterostylis stricta Clemesha & B.Gray – northern greenhood
Pterostylis subtilis D.L.Jones – thin mountain greenhood
Pterostylis tanypoda D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem. – swan greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis tasmanica D.L.Jones – small bearded greenhood
Pterostylis taurus M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones – little bull orchid
Pterostylis tenuicauda Kraenzl. (New Caledonia)
Pterostylis tenuis (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – smooth leafy greenhood
Pterostylis tenuissima Nicholls – swamp greenhood
Pterostylis thulia (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
Pterostylis timorensis Schuit. & J.J.Verm. (East Timor)
Pterostylis timothyi (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto – brittle snail orchid, fawn snail orchid
Pterostylis torquata D.L.Jones – collared greenhood
Pterostylis tristis Colenso – midget greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis trullifolia Hook.f. – trowel-leaved greenhood (N.Z.)
Pterostylis tryphera (D.L.Jones & C.J.French) D.L.Jones & C.J.French
Pterostylis truncata Fitzg. – brittle greenhood, little dumpies
Pterostylis tunstallii D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. – Tunstall's greenhood, granite greenhood
Pterostylis turfosa Endl. in J.G.C.Lehmann – bearded bird orchid
Pterostylis uliginosa D.L.Jones – marsh greenhood
Pterostylis umbrina (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – broad-sepaled leafy greenhood
Pterostylis venosa Colenso (N.Z.)
Pterostylis ventricosa (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
Pterostylis vernalis (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. – spring tiny greenhood
Pterostylis vescula (D.L.Jones) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis virens (D.L.Jones & C.J.French) D.L.Jones & C.J.French
Pterostylis viriosa (D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates – Adelaide Hills banded greenhood
Pterostylis vitrea (D.L.Jones) Bostock – glassy leafy greenhood
Pterostylis vittata Lindl. – banded greenhood, green-banded greenhood
Pterostylis wapstrarum D.L.Jones – fleshy greenhood
Pterostylis williamsonii D.L.Jones – brown-lip leafy greenhood
Pterostylis woollsii Fitzg. – long-tailed greenhood
Pterostylis xerampelina (D.L.Jones & C.J.French) D.L.Jones & C.J.French
Pterostylis xerophila M.A.Clem. – desert rustyhood, desert greenhood
Pterostylis ziegeleri D.L.Jones – Cape Portland greenhood

Hybrid greenhoods

Pterostylis × aenigma D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
Pterostylis × conoglossa Upton
Pterostylis × furcillata Rupp
Pterostylis × ingens (Rupp) D.L.Jones
Pterostylis × toveyana Ewart & Sharman

Undescribed species

The following is a list of some of the undescribed species of Pterostylis:[21][22]

Pterostylis sp. aff. alata (New England)
Pterostylis sp. aff. alveata (Mt Duval)
Pterostylis sp. aff. alveata (New England Escarpments)
Pterostylis sp. aff. biseta (Striped)
Pterostylis sp. aff. cycnocephala (Alpine)
Pterostylis sp. aff. dolichochila (Portland)
Pterostylis sp. aff. hamata (Northern Tablelands)
Pterostylis sp. aff. longifolia (Carabost)
Pterostylis sp. aff. longifolia (Canberra)
Pterostylis sp. aff. longifolia (Mt Hamilton)
Pterostylis sp. aff. mitchellii (Pilliga Scrub)
Pterostylis sp. aff. mutica (Basalt Plains)
Pterostylis sp. aff. parviflora (Brindabellas)
Pterostylis sp. aff. parviflora (Dwarf Crowded)
Pterostylis sp. aff. parviflora (Eastern Melbourne)
Pterostylis sp. aff. parviflora (Large Red-brown)
Pterostylis sp. aff. parviflora (Linear Sepals)
Pterostylis sp. aff. parviflora (Sandstone Heath)
Pterostylis sp. aff. parviflora (Spring)
Pterostylis sp. aff. plumosa (Anglesea)
Pterostylis sp. aff. plumosa (Sydney)
Pterostylis sp. aff. praetermissa (Coonabarabran)
Pterostylis sp. aff. praetermissa (Torrington)
Pterostylis sp. aff. reflexa (Tablelands)
Pterostylis sp. aff. revoluta (Inland)
Pterostylis sp. aff. revoluta (Northern Tablelands)
Pterostylis sp. aff. smaragdyna (Inland)
Pterostylis sp. aff. tunstallii (Blue Mountains)
Pterostylis sp. 'Cape Arid' – eastern swamp snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'Cape Le Grande' – southern thick-sepaled snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'cauline leaves' – Murdoch snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'Chudalup' – Mt Chudalup snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'coastal clubbed sepals' – coastal short-eared snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'coastal snail' – coastal snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'crinkled leaf' – slender snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'crinkled' – fine-sepaled snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'Helena River' – limestone snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'inland' – hairy-stemmed snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'late flowering' – late flowering snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'long sepals' – long sepaled snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'crinkled' – eastern granite snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'northern thick sepals' – northern thick-sepaled snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'Ravensthorpe' – Ravensthorpe snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'robust' – Caldyanup snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'short sepals' – short-eared snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'skinny' – skinny snail orchid
Pterostylis sp. 'southern granites' – granite loving snail orchid

References

"Pterostylis R.Br". APNI. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Jones, David L.; Clements, Mark A. (2002). "A Reassessment of Pterostylis R.Br. (Orchidaceae)". Australian Orchid Research. 4: 3–63.
"Genus Pterostylis". Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney; plantnet. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
"Pterostylis". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
"Disperis alata". APNI. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
Brown, Robert (1810). Prodromus Florae Novae Holliandiae (Volume 1). London. pp. 326–328. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
Lindley, John (1840). A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony (appendix). Piccadilly, London: James Ridgway. p. 53.
Brown, Andrew; Dundas, Pat; Dixon, Kingsley; Hopper, Stephen (2008). Orchids of Western Australia. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. p. 340. ISBN 9780980296457.
Szlachetko, DL (2001). "Genera et species orchadalium". Polish Botanical Journal. 46 (1): 11–26.
Jones, David L.; Clements, Mark A. (2002). "A New Classification of Pterostylis R.Br. (Orchidaceae)". Australian Orchid Research. 4: 64–124.
Hopper, SD; Brown, AP (2004). "Robert Brown's Caladenia and Pterostylis revisited". The Orchadian. 14: 366–371.
Janes, Jasmine K; Steane, D; Vaillancourt, R; Duretto, M (2010). "A molecular phylogeny of the subtribe Pterostylidinae (Orchidaceae): resolving the taxonomic confusion". Australian Systematic Botany. 23 (4): 248–259. doi:10.1071/SB10006.
Janes, Jasmine K; Duretto, M (2010). "A new classification for subtribe Pterostylidinae (Orchidaceae), reaffirming Pterostylis in the broad sense". Australian Systematic Botany. 23 (4): 260–269. doi:10.1071/SB09052.
Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology, Volume 1. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 2221. ISBN 0849326753.
Cisternas, Mauricio A.; Salazar, Gerardo A.; Verdugo, Gabriela; Novoa, Patricio; Calderón, Ximena; Negritto, María A. (2012). "Phylogenetic Analysis of Chloraeinae (Orchidaceae) Based on Plastid and Nuclear DNA Sequences". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 168 (3): 258–77. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01200.x.
Peach, Daniel A. H.; Gries, Gerhard (2019). "Mosquito phytophagy – sources exploited, ecological function, and evolutionary transition to haematophagy". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 168 (2): 120–136. doi:10.1111/eea.12852. ISSN 1570-7458.
Phillips, Ryan D.; Scaccabarozzi, Daniella; Retter, Bryony A.; Hayes, Christine; Brown, Graham R.; Dixon, Kingsley W.; Peakall, Rod (22 December 2013). "Caught in the act: pollination of sexually deceptive trap-flowers by fungus gnats in Pterostylis (Orchidaceae)". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 629–641. doi:10.1093/aob/mct295. PMC 3936588. PMID 24366109.
"Three Australian greenhood orchids for the windowsill: Pterostylis curta, nutans, and Nodding Grace". Botany Boy. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
"Pterostylis nutans". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Retrieved 14 January 2019.
Bishop, Tony (2000). Field guide to the orchids of New South Wales and Victoria (2nd ed.). Sydney: UNSW Press. pp. 63–113. ISBN 978-0868407067.
Brown, Andrew; Dixon, Kingsley; French, Christopher; Brockman, Garry (2013). Field guide to the orchids of Western Australia : the definitive guide to the native orchids of Western Australia. Simon Nevill Publications. pp. 340–403. ISBN 9780980348149.