Sambucus ebulus

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Dipsacales

Familia: Adoxaceae
Genus: Sambucus
Species: Sambucus ebulus
Subspecies: S. e. subsp. africanus – S. e. subsp. ebulus
Name

Sambucus ebulus L., Sp. Pl.: 269. 1753.
References

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 269. Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Sambucus ebulus. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Jun. 28. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Sambucus cerulea. Published online. Accessed: Jun. 28 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Sambucus cerulea in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Jun. 28.
Tropicos.org 2018. Sambucus cerulea. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 28 Jun. 2018.
Swedish Museum of Natural History, only in Swedish

Vernacular names
azərbaycanca: Otşəkilli gəndalaş
беларуская: Бузіна травяністая
български: Бъзак
català: Évol
corsu: Sambuchellu
čeština: bez chebdí
dansk: Sommer-Hyld
Deutsch: Zwerg-Holunder
Ελληνικά: Σαμπούκος ο Έβουλος
English: Dwarf Elder
euskara: Andura
suomi: Ruohoselja
français: Sureau hièble
hrvatski: Abdovina
hornjoserbsce: Małka bozanka
magyar: Földi bodza, gyalogbodza, borzag
italiano: Sambuco lebbio
Nederlands: kruidvlier
polski: bez hebd
română: Boz
svenska: Sommarfläder
Türkçe: Bodur mürver
українська: Бузина трав'яниста

Sambucus ebulus, also known as danewort, dane weed, danesblood, dwarf elder or European dwarf elder, walewort,[2] dwarf elderberry,[3] elderwort and blood hilder, is a herbaceous species of elder, native to southern and central Europe and southwest Asia. The species is a well-established archaeophyte in much of the UK,[4] and is also reportedly naturalized in parts of North America (New York, New Jersey and Québec).[5]

Description

Sambucus ebulus grows to a height of 1–2 m and has erect, usually unbranched stems growing in large groups from an extensive perennial underground stem rhizome. The leaves are opposite, pinnate, 15–30 cm long, with 5-9 leaflets with a foetid smell. The stems terminate in a corymb 10–15 cm diameter with numerous white (occasionally pink) flat-topped hermaphrodite flowers. The fruit is a small glossy black berry 5–6 mm diameter. The ripe fruit give out a purple juice.[2][6]

The name danewort comes from the belief that it only grows on the sites of battles that involved the Danes.[2] The term 'walewort' or 'walwort' meant 'foreigner plant.' The plant's stems and leaves turn red in autumn and this may explain the link with blood. The word Dane may link to an old term for diarrhoea.[2]

Uses

"Dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L) is one of the best known medicinal herbs since ancient times. In view of its benefits as a widely applicable phytomedicine, it is still used in folk medicine of different parts of the world. In addition to its nutritional values, dwarf elder contains different phytochemicals among which flavonoids and lectins are responsible for most of its therapeutic effects. Dwarf elder has been used for different ailments including: joint pains, cold, wounds, and infections."[7][8]

References

The Plant List
Westwood, Jennifer (1985). Albion. A Guide to Legendary Britain. London : Grafton Books. ISBN 0-246-11789-3. p. 103
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Sambucus ebulus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
"Elder (Dwarf) / Dwarf Elder / Danewort - Wild Flower Finder".
BONAP (Biota of North America Project) floristic synthesis, Sambucus ebulus
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 04656 4[page needed]
Jabbari, Marzie; Daneshfard, Babak; Emtiazy, Majid; Khiveh, Ali; Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem (October 2017). "Biological Effects and Clinical Applications of Dwarf Elder (Sambucus ebulus L): A Review". Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine. 22 (4): 996–1001. doi:10.1177/2156587217701322. PMC 5871274. PMID 28397551.

Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, et al. (October 2013). "Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine—An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 149 (3): 750–71. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007. PMC 3791396. PMID 23770053.

External links

Grieve, 'A Modern Herbal' (1931)