Tithonia

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Heliantheae
Subtribus: Helianthinae
Genus: Tithonia
Subgenera: T. subg. Mirasolia – T. subg. Tithonia
Species: T. brachypappa – T. calva – T. crocosmiflora – T. diversifolia – T. fruticosa – T. hondurensis – T. koelzii – T. longiradiata – T. paneroi – T. pedunculata – T. pittieri – T. rotundifolia – T. scaberrima – T. thurberi – T. tubaeformis
Name

Tithonia Desf. ex Juss. (1789)

Type species: T. uniflora J.F.Gmel.

Synonyms

Homotypic
Urbanisol Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 370. (1891)
Heterotypic
Mirasolia (Sch.Bip.) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2(1): 367. (1873)
Type species: T. calva Sch.Bip.
Perymeniopsis Sch.Bip. ex Klatt, Leopoldina Heft 23: 90. (1887)

Homonyms

Tithonia Raeusch. (1797) = Rudbeckia L.
Tithonia Kuntze (1891) = Rivina L.

References

Jussieu, A.L. de 1789. Genera Plantarum 189.
Hassler, M. 2018. Tithonia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 09. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Tithonia. Published online. Accessed: Feb. 09 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Tithonia in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 09.
Tropicos.org 2018. Tithonia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 09.

Vernacular names
English: Mexican Sunflower

Tithonia is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower tribe within the family Asteraceae.[4][5]

Tithonia has a center of distribution in Mexico but with one species extending into the Southwestern United States and several native to Central America. Two species, T. diversifolia and T. rotundifolia, are widely cultivated and have escaped to become weeds in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. T. rotundifolia makes a nice fresh cut flower, flowering in mid- to late-summer in the Northern hemisphere.[6] The distinguishing feature of the genus is the peduncle, which is fistulose (meaning hollow and flaring toward the apex). The plants are coarse annual or perennial herbs or shrubs, and one species, T. koelzii, is a small tree.[7]

Species[2][8][9]

Tithonia brachypappa B.L.Rob. - San Luis Potosí
Tithonia calva Sch.Bip. - Durango, Sinaloa
Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray – Tree Marigold - Mexico, Central America; naturalized in Asia, Australia, Africa, South America, Florida, Texas, various oceanic islands
Tithonia fruticosa Canby & Rose - Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Sinaloa
Tithonia helianthoides Bernh.
Tithonia hondurensis La Duke - Belize, Honduras
Tithonia koelzii McVaugh - Jalisco
Tithonia longiradiata (Bertol.) S.F.Blake - Mexico, Central America
Tithonia pedunculata Cronquist - Oaxaca
Tithonia pittieri (Greenm.) S.F.Blake - Central America
Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F.Blake - Mexico, Central America; naturalized in Florida, Louisiana, South America
Tithonia tagetiflora Desf. - Veracruz
Tithonia thurberi Gray – Arizona Sunflower Weed - Chihuahua, Sonora, Arizona (Pima County)
Tithonia tubaeformis (Jacq.) Cass. - Mexico, Central America; naturalized in Argentina

formerly included[2]

see Comaclinium Enceliopsis Lasianthaea Viguiera

Tithonia angustifolia - Viguiera angustifolia
Tithonia argophylla - Enceliopsis argophylla
Tithonia decurrens - Viguiera decurrens
Tithonia excelsa - Viguiera excelsa
Tithonia ovata - Lasianthaea helianthoides
Tithonia pusilla - Viguiera pusilla
Tithonia splendens - Comaclinium montanum

Mexican Sunflower
Tithonia rotundifolia
Tithonia tubaeformis
References

"Tropicos, search for ''Tithonia''". Tropicos.org. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-06 at archive.today
"Tithonia Desf. ex Juss". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1996-09-17. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de. 1789. Genera Plantarum 189 in Latin
"Tropicos, ''Tithonia'' Desf. ex Juss". Tropicos.org. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
"Growing Tithonia (Mexican Sunflower) from Seed | Johnny's Selected Seeds". www.johnnyseeds.com. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
"Flora of North America, Vol. 21 Page 138, Sunflowerweed, ''Tithonia'' Desfontaines ex Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 189. 1789". Efloras.org. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
"Tithonia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 6 June 2010.

"Species Records of Tithonia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-06-06.

La Duke, J. C. 1982. Revision of Tithonia. Rhodora 84: 453–522.