Vincetoxicum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Asclepiadoideae
Tribus: Asclepiadeae
Subtribus: Tylophorinae
Genus: Vincetoxicum
Species: V. adnatum – V. ambiguum – V. amplexicaule – V. angustifolium – V. anomalum – V. anthopotamicum – V. apiculatum – V. arachnoideum – V. arenicola – V. aristolochioides – V. arnottianum – V. ascyrifolium – V. assadii – V. atratum – V. augustinianum – V. auriculatum – V. auritum – V. austrokiusianum – V. badium – V. balakrishnanii – V. barbatum – V. belostemma – V. biglandulosum – V. bilobatum – V. biondioides – V. brachystelmoides – V. bracteatum – V. brassii – V. brevipes – V. brownii – V. caffrum – V. cambodiense – V. cameroonicum – V. canescens – V. capparidifolium – V. cardiostephanum – V. carnosum – V. cernuum – V. chekiangense – V. chinense – V. chingtungense – V. christineae – V. cinerascens – V. cissoides – V. clemensiae – V. coddii – V. coloratum – V. confusum – V. congolanum – V. conspicuum – V. cordatum – V. cordifolium – V. coriaceum – V. costantinianum – V. crassifolium – V. crassipes – V. creticum – V. cycleoides – V. dahomense – V. dalatense – V. dalzellii – V. darvasicum – V. deltoideum – V. dionysiense – V. diplostigma – V. doianum – V. dorgelonis – V. elmeri – V. erectum – V. exile – V. fasciculatum – V. flanaganii – V. flavum – V. fleckii – V. flexuosum – V. floribundum – V. fordii – V. forrestii – V. forsteri – V. fruticulosum – V. funebre – V. fuscatum – V. gilbertii – V. gilletii – V. glabriflorum – V. glaucescens – V. glaucirameum – V. glaucum – V. globiferum – V. govanii – V. gracilentum – V. gracillimum – V. grandiflorum – V. hainanense – V. harmandii – V. helferi – V. hellwigii – V. hemsleyanum – V. henryanum – V. henryi – V. heterophyllum – V. himalaicum – V. hirsutum – V. hirundinaria – V. hookerianum – V. hoyoense – V. hui – V. huteri – V. hybanthera – V. hydrophilum – V. inamoenum – V. indicum – V. inhambanense – V. insigne – V. insulicola – V. iphisia – V. irrawadense – V. izuense – V. jacquemontianum – V. japonicum – V. josephrockii – V. juzepczukii – V. katoi – V. kerrii – V. koi – V. krameri – V. lancilimbum – V. laxiforme – V. leptanthum – V. leschenaultii – V. liebianum – V. lii – V. lineare – V. linearisepalum – V. linifolium – V. longifolium – V. longipes – V. lugardiae – V. lui – V. luridum – V. lycioides – V. macrophyllum – V. mairei – V. matsumurae – V. membranaceum – V. meoticum – V. microcentrum – V. microstachys – V. miquelianum – V. mongolicum – V. mozaffarianii – V. mugodsharicum – V. mukdenense – V. nanum – V. neglectum – V. nicobaricum – V. nigrum – V. nipponicum – V. oblongum – V. oculatum – V. oligophyllum – V. oshimae – V. paniculatum – V. pannonicum – V. parviflorum – V. parviurnulum – V. parvum – V. petrense – V. philippicum – V. pictum – V. pierrei – V. pilosellum – V. pingshanicum – V. polyanthum – V. potamophilum – V. pumilum – V. raddeanum – V. rechingeri – V. rehmannii – V. renchangii – V. revolutum – V. riparium – V. robinsonii – V. rockii – V. rossicum – V. rotundifolium – V. roylei – V. rupestre – V. rupicola – V. sakesarense – V. sarasinorum – V. scandens – V. schimperi – V. schmalhausenii – V. schneideri – V. secamonoides – V. setosum – V. shaanxiense – V. siamicum – V. sibiricum – V. sieboldii – V. silvestre – V. silvestrii – V. simianum – V. sinaicum – V. somaliense – V. sootepense – V. speciosum – V. spirale – V. splendidum – V. stauntonii – V. stauropolitanum – V. stenophyllum – V. stocksii – V. sublanceolatum – V. subramanii – V. sylvaticum – V. taihangense – V. tanakae – V. tenerrimum – V. tengii – V. tenuipedunculatum – V. thailandense – V. thorelii – V. tmoleum – V. tridactylatum – V. tsaii – V. tsiangii – V. tsiukowense – V. tylophoroides – V. ucrainicum – V. umbelliferum – V. uncinatum – V. utriculosum – V. ventricosum – V. versicolor – V. verticillatum – V. villosum – V. volubile – V. wangii – V. williamsii – V. woollsii – V. xinpingense – V. yamanakae – V. yingii – V. yonakuniense – V. yunnanense

Nothospecies: V. × purpurascens – V. × sakaianum

Illegal Species: V. magnificum

V. funebre - V. fuscatum - V. hirundinaria

Name

Vincetoxicum Wolf, Gen. Pl. 130. (1776)

Type species: Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik., Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. vi. Phys. 404. (1790)

Synonyms

Homotypic
Alexitoxicon St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7. 67. (1880), nom. illeg.
Heterotypic
Tylophora R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 460 (1810)
Type: T. flexuosa R.Br.
Hybanthera Endl., Prodr. Fl. Norfolk.: 59 (1833).
Belostemma Wall. ex Wight, Contr. Bot. India: 52 (1834).
Homolostyles Wall. ex Wight, Contr. Bot. India: 50 (1834).
Iphisia Wight & Arn., Contr. Bot. India: 52 (1834).
Blyttia Arn., Mag. Zool. Bot. 2: 420 (1838)
Type: B. arabica Arn.
Diploglossum Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen.: 269 (1840).
Haplostemma Endl., Gen. Pl., Suppl. 3: 75 (1843), nom. superfl.
Pycnostelma Bunge ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 512 (1844).
Amblyoglossum Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 25(II): 310 (1852).
Rhyncharrhena F.Muell., Fragm. 1: 128 (1859)
Lectotype: R. atropurpurea F.Muell.
Sphaerocodon Benth. in G.Bentham & J.D.Hooker, Gen. Pl. 2: 772 (1876).
Homostyles Wall. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 44 (1883), nom. inval.
Pentabothra Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 18 (1883).
Henrya Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 111 (1889), nom. illeg.
Nanostelma Baill., Hist. Pl. 10: 247 (1890).
Pleurostelma Baill., Hist. Pl. 10: 266 (1890).
Neohenrya Hemsl., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 97 (1892), nom. superfl.
Oncostemma K.Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 148 (1893).
Podostelma K.Schum., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 133 (1893).
Tylophoropsis N.E.Br., Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 16: 244 (1894).
Diplostigma K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C: 324 (1895)
Type: D. canescens Schum.
Microstephanus N.E.Br., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 249 (1895)
Pleurostelma Baill., Hist. Pl. 10: 266. (1890) non Pleurostelma Schltr., J. Bot. 33: 303. (1895)
Type: P. grevei Baill.
Biondia Schltr., Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 82: 91 (1905)
Type: B. chinensis Schltr.
Ischnostemma King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 532 (1908).
Pseudopentatropis Costantin in H.Lecomte (ed.), Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 61 (1912).
Spirella Costantin in H.Lecomte (ed.), Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 78 (1912).
Vincetoxicopsis Costantin in H.Lecomte (ed.), Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 103 (1912).
Hoyopsis H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 262 (1914).
Henryastrum Happ, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 567 (1937).
Merrillanthus Chun & Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 6: 105 (1941).
Antitoxicum Pobed. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 18: 674 (1952).
Pentastelma Y.Tsiang & P.T.Li, Fl. Hainan. 3: 577 (1974).
Rhodostegiella (Pobed.) C.Y.Wu & D.Z.Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 28: 465 (1990).
Goydera Liede, Novon 3: 265 (1993)
Type: G. somaliense Liede

Notes

Was included in Cynanchum L., but more closely related to Tylophora R.Br. (1810) and here is treated as congeneric with Vincetoxicum (1776), which has precedence under ICBN.

Vincetoxicum Walter, Flora Caroliniana: 13, 104. 1788, nom. illeg. is a later homonym and synonymous to Gonolobus
.

References
Primary references

Wolf, N.M. 1776. Genera Plantarum vocabulis characteristicis definita. 8 + 177 + 1 pp., [Danzig]. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Reference page.

Additional references

Liede, S. 1997. Subtribes and genera of the tribe Asclepiadeae (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) – a synopsis. Taxon 46(2): 233−247. DOI: 10.2307/1224093 JSTOR Reference page.
Liede-Schumann, S. & Kunze, H. 2002. Cynanchum and the Cynanchinae (Apocynaceae - Asclepiadoideae) – a molecular, anatomical and latex triterpenoid study. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 2(3): 239-269. DOI: 10.1078/1439-6092-00045 Open access Reference page.
Liede-Schumann, S., Kong, H.H., Meve, U. & Thiv, M. 2012. Vincetoxicum and Tylophora (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae: Asclepiadeae) − two sides of the same medal: Independent shifts from tropical to temperate habitats. Taxon 61(4): 803–825. DOI: 10.1002/tax.614007 JSTOR ResearchGate Reference page.
Liede-Schumann, S. & Meve, U. 2018. Vincetoxicum (Apocynaceae - Asclepiadoideae) expanded to include Tylophora and allies. Phytotaxa 369(3): 129–184. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.369.3.1 Paywall Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Vincetoxicum in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Apr. 24. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2017. Vincetoxicum. Published online. Accessed: Nov. 26 2017.

Vernacular names
العربية: غلقى
čeština: tolita
dansk: Svalerod
Deutsch: Schwalbenwurzen
English: Swallow-wort
suomi: Käärmeenpistonyrtit
français: Dompte-venin
hornjoserbsce: Łastojčnik
magyar: Méreggyilok
հայերեն: Թունաթափ
日本語: カモメヅル属
қазақша: Түйешырмауық
lietuvių: Kregždūnė
Nederlands: Engbloem
polski: Ciemiężyk
русский: Ластовень
slovenčina: luskáč
svenska: Tulkörtssläktet
українська: Ластовень

Vincetoxicum is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Although the species in Vincetoxicum have sometimes been included in Cynanchum,[1][2] chemical and molecular evidence shows that Vincetoxicum is more closely related to Tylophora.[3][4]

Species[5]

Vincetoxicum albovianum
Vincetoxicum aristolochioides
Vincetoxicum arnottianum
Vincetoxicum austrokiusianum
Vincetoxicum barbatum
Vincetoxicum biflorum
Vincetoxicum brachystelmoides
Vincetoxicum calcareum
Vincetoxicum canescens
Vincetoxicum capparidifolium
Vincetoxicum cardiostephanum
Vincetoxicum christinae
Vincetoxicum crassifolium
Vincetoxicum cuspidatum
Vincetoxicum darvasicum
Vincetoxicum decaisnei
Vincetoxicum doianum
Vincetoxicum ferrugineum
Vincetoxicum funebre
Vincetoxicum fuscatum
Vincetoxicum glabrum
Vincetoxicum grandiflorum
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Vincetoxicum huteri
Vincetoxicum inamoenum
Vincetoxicum jailicola
Vincetoxicum japonicum
Vincetoxicum juzepczukii
Vincetoxicum katoi
Vincetoxicum laeve
Vincetoxicum laxum
Vincetoxicum leucanthum
Vincetoxicum liebianum
Vincetoxicum lineare[6]
Vincetoxicum lutescens
Vincetoxicum maeoticum
Vincetoxicum magnificum
Vincetoxicum minus
Vincetoxicum mugodsharicum
Vincetoxicum nanum
Vincetoxicum nigrum
Vincetoxicum nipponicum
Vincetoxicum paniculatum
Vincetoxicum pannonicum
Vincetoxicum pingshanicum
Vincetoxicum pumilum
Vincetoxicum raddeanum
Vincetoxicum rehmanni
Vincetoxicum rockii
Vincetoxicum rossicum
Vincetoxicum × sakaianum
Vincetoxicum sakesarense
Vincetoxicum scandens
Vincetoxicum schmalhausenii
Vincetoxicum serpyllifolium
Vincetoxicum sibiricum
Vincetoxicum speciosum
Vincetoxicum stauropolitanum
Vincetoxicum stocksii
Vincetoxicum streptolobum
Vincetoxicum struthianthus
Vincetoxicum tanakae
Vincetoxicum tenue
Vincetoxicum thailandense
Vincetoxicum unguiculatum
Vincetoxicum utriculosum
Vincetoxicum virgatum
Vincetoxicum volubile
Vincetoxicum wangii
Vincetoxicum woollsii
Vincetoxicum wrightii
Vincetoxicum yamanakae

formerly included

moved to other genera (Alexitoxicon, Ampelamus, Antitoxicum, Asclepias, Blyttia, Cynanchum, Dictyanthus, Diplolepis, Gonolobus, Heterostemma, Ischnostemma, Macroscepis, Matelea, Orthosia, Pentatropis, Petalostelma, Polystemma, Seutera, Telminostelma, Tylophora)

V. abyssinicum - Cynanchum abyssinicum
V. acutissimum - Matelea acutissima
V. acutum - Cynanchum acutum
V. adalinae - Cynanchum adalinae
V. adenocardium - Matelea adenocardia
V. affine - Cynanchum mooreanum
V. africanum - Cynanchum africanum
V. alabamense - Matelea alabamensis
V. alatum - Cynanchum alatum
V. albidum - Alexitoxicon albidum
V. alpicolum - Alexitoxicon alpicola
V. ambiguum - Cynanchum ambiguum
V. amplexicaule - Cynanchum amplexicaule
V. angulatum - Orthosia scoparia
V. angustilobum - Matelea angustiloba
V. aphyllum - Orthosia scoparia
V. arenosum - Cynanchum arenosum
V. ascyrifolium - Cynanchum ascyrifolium
V. asperum - Gonolobus asper
V. astephanoides - Marsdenia astephanoides
V. atratum - Cynanchum atratum
V. atrocoronatum - Matelea atrocoronata
V. auriculatum - Cynanchum auriculatum
V. baldwinianum - Matelea baldwyniana
V. balfourianum - Cynanchum forrestii
V. barbatum - Gonolobus barbatus
V. belizense - Matelea belizensis
V. bifidum - Gonolobus bifidus
V. biondioides - Cynanchum biondioides
V. boerhaviaefolium - Diplolepis boerhaviifolia
V. bojerianum - Cynanchum bojerianum
V. brandtii - Cynanchum brandtii
V. brevicoronatum - Matelea brevicoronata
V. bulligerum - Cynanchum bulligerum
V. calcaratum - Heterostemma acuminatum
V. calcicola - Matelea calcicola
V. callialatum - Cynanchum callialatum
V. campechianum - Matelea campechiana
V. camporum - Matelea camporum
V. capense - Pentatropis capensis
V. carnosum - Ischnostemma carnosum
V. carolinense - Matelea carolinensis
V. caudatum - Matelea caudata
V. cavanillesii - Gonolobus niger
V. chekiangense - Cynanchum chekiangense
V. chiapense - Gonolobus chiapensis
V. chihuahuense - Matelea chihuahuensis
V. chiloense - Cynanchum pachyphyllum
V. chinense - Cynanchum mooreanum
V. chiriquense - Gonolobus chiriquensis
V. chrysanthum - Matelea chrysantha
V. congestum - Orthosia urceolata
V. crenatum - Matelea crenata
V. cteniophorum - Gonolobus cteniophorus
V. cyclophyllum - Matelea cyclophylla
V. cynanchoides - Matelea cynanchoides
V. dalhousiae - Cynanchum dalhousiae
V. dasystephanum - Gonolobus dasystephanus
V. diadematum - Macroscepis diademata
V. dombeyanum - Cynanchum dombeyanum
V. dubium - Gonolobus albomarginatus
V. edule - Gonolobus edulis
V. eichleri - Orthosia eichleri
V. erianthum - Gonolobus erianthus
V. erubescens - Cynanchum pedunculatum
V. eurychitoides - Cynanchum eurychitoides
V. excelsum - Cynanchum acutum
V. fimbriatum - Matelea cumanensis
V. flavidulum - Matelea flavidula
V. flexuosum - Tylophora flexuosa
V. floribundum - Tylophora floribunda
V. floridanum - Matelea floridana
V. fordii - Cynanchum fordii
V. formosanum - Cynanchum ovalifolium
V. forrestii - Cynanchum forrestii
V. fraternum - Gonolobus fraternus
V. fruticulosum - Blyttia fruticulosa
V. fuscum - Gonolobus fuscus
V. gentlei - Matelea gentlei
V. glaucescens - Cynanchum glaucescens
V. gonocarpos - Gonolobus suberosus
V. gonocarpos var. laevis - Ampelamus laevis
V. gracilipes - Cynanchum taihangense
V. grandiflorum Standl. not (R. Br.) Kuntze - Matelea fulvida
V. greggii - Matelea greggii
V. guilleminianum - Orthosia guilleminiana
V. hancockianum - Cynanchum mongolicum
V. hastulatum - Matelea hastulata
V. hatchii - Matelea magnifolia
V. heydei - Cynanchum heydei
V. hirtellum - Metastelma hirtellum
V. holstii - Cynanchum abyssinicum
V. hybanthera - Tylophora cordifolia
V. hydrophilum - Cynanchum hydrophilum
V. insulanum - Cynanchum insulanum
V. jacquemontianum - Cynanchum jacquemontianum
V. jaliscense - Gonolobus jaliscensis
V. japonicum var. grayanum - Cynanchum grayanum
V. kitagawae - Cynanchum inamoenum
V. krameri - Cynanchum krameri
V. kunthii - Cynanchum kunthii
V. lasiostomum - Gonolobus lasiostomus
V. lateriflorum - Cynanchum mongolicum
V. leptocladum - Cynanchum leptocladum
V. lesueurii - Matelea lesueurii
V. limprichtii - Cynanchum forrestii
V. linearifolium - Cynanchum stauntonii
V. linearisepalum - Cynanchum linearisepalum
V. linifolium - Cynanchum linifolium
V. littorale - Dictyanthus asper
V. lundellii - Gonolobus cteniophorus
V. luteum Sieber ex Boiss. not Hoffmanns. & Link - Asclepias lutea
V. macranthum - Gonolobus macranthus
V. macrophyllum var. nikoensis - Cynanchum inamoenum
V. magnifolium - Matelea magnifolia
V. mandschuricum - Cynanchum versicolor
V. mannii - Cynanchum adalinae subsp. mannii
V. medium - Antitoxicum medium
V. megacarphum - Dictyanthus asper
V. melanthum - Orthosia melantha
V. microphyllum - Cynanchum microphyllum
V. mongolicum - Cynanchum mongolicum
V. montevidense - Telminostelma foetidum
V. mucronatum - Cynanchum chilense
V. muliense - Cynanchum forrestii
V. multiflorum - Cynanchum multiflorum
V. multinerve - Cynanchum atratum
V. myrtifolium - Cynanchum myrtifolium
V. nemorosum - Cynanchum pachyphyllum
V. nigrescens - Matelea nigrescens
V. nikoense - Tylophora nikoensis
V. nummulariifolium - Diplolepis nummulariifolia
V. oaxacanum - Matelea oaxacana
V. obliquum - Matelea obliqua
V. oblongatum - Matelea oblongata
V. obtusifolium - Cynanchum obtusifolium
V. ochroleucum - Alexitoxicon ochroleucum
V. otophyllum - Cynanchum otophyllum
V. pachylepis - Marsdenia araujacea
V. pachyphyllum - Cynanchum pachyphyllum
V. palustre - Seutera angustifolia
V. parvifolium - Matelea parvifolia
V. patagonicum - Diplolepis nummulariifolia
V. pauciflorum - Cynanchum atratum
V. pectinatum - Gonolobus pectinatus
V. petiolare - Matelea petiolaris
V. petrense - Cynanchum petrense
V. petrophilum - Alexitoxicon petrophilum
V. pinguifolium - Matelea pinguifolia
V. pittieri - Matelea picturata
V. polyanthum - Cynanchum polyanthum
V. porphyranthum - Matelea porphyrantha
V. productum - Matelea producta
V. propinquum - Gonolobus macranthus
V. pseudobarbatum - Matelea pseudobarbata
V. puberulum - Alexitoxicon puberulum
V. pubescens - Cynanchum chinense
V. pubiflorum - Matelea pubiflora
V. pueblense - Matelea pueblensis
V. purpureum - Cynanchum purpureum
V. quercetorum - Matelea quercetorum
V. quirosii - Polystemma guatemalense
V. repandum - Cynanchum repandum
V. reticulatum - Matelea reticulata
V. riedelii - Orthosia guilleminiana
V. riparium - Cynanchum riparium
V. robertii - Petalostelma robertii
V. rothschuhii - Gonolobus heterophyllus
V. rutenbergianum - Cynanchum repandum
V. saepimentorum - Cynanchum racemosum var. unifarium
V. sagittifolium - Matelea sagittifolia
V. salvinii - Gonolobus salvinii
V. schippii - Gonolobus leianthus
V. schmalhausenii - Vincetoxicum schmalhausenii
V. scoparium - Orthosia scoparia
V. selloanum - Orthosia selloana
V. sepium - Metastelma sepium
V. shortii - Matelea obliqua
V. sibiricum var. australe - Cynanchum thesioides
V. sibiricum var. boreale - Cynanchum thesioides
V. sintenisii - Matelea sintenisii
V. stauntonii - Cynanchum stauntonii
V. stenanthum - Gonolobus stenanthus
V. stenophyllum - Cynanchum stenophyllum
V. stephanotrichum - Gonolobus stephanotrichus
V. steppicola - Cynanchum forrestii
V. striatum - Gonolobus striatus
V. suberiferum - Matelea suberifera
V. suberosum - Gonolobus suberosus
V. sublanceolatum - Cynanchum sublanceolatum
V. sublanceolatum var. auriculata - Tylophora auriculata
V. sublanceolatum var. dickinsii - Tylophora dickinsii
V. sublanceolatum var. obtusulum - Tylophora obtusula
V. sylvaticum - Tylophora sylvatica
V. taihangense - Cynanchum taihangense
V. thesioides - Cynanchum thesioides
V. tingens - Gonolobus tingens
V. tmoleum - Antitoxicum tmoleum
V. tomentosum - Orthosia scoparia
V. tortum - Gonolobus cteniophorus
V. trichoneuron - Matelea tuerckheimii
V. triflorum - Gonolobus triflorus
V. tristiflorum - Matelea tristiflora
V. tsiangii - Tylophora tsiangii
V. tunicatum - Cynanchum tunicatum
V. umbellatum - Cynanchum rusbyi
V. umbrosum - Cynanchum umbrosum
V. undulatum - Cynanchum andinum
V. uniflorum - Gonolobus uniflorus
V. urceolatum - Orthosia urceolata
V. variifolium - Matelea variifolia
V. velutinum - Matelea velutina
V. versicolor - Cynanchum versicolor
V. verticillatum - Cynanchum verticillatum
V. virescens - Cynanchum eurychiton
V. viride - Cynanchum atacamense
V. viridiflorum - Matelea denticulata
V. wallichii - Cynanchum wallichii
V. wilfordii - Cynanchum wilfordii
V. wootonii - Matelea wootonii
V. xanthotrichum - Gonolobus xanthotrichus
V. zollingeri - Cynanchum ovalifolium

References

Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 205 鹅绒藤属 e rong teng shu Cynanchum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 212. 1753.
Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps, genus Cynanchum
Sigrid Liede and Angelika Tauber (Oct–Dec 2002), "Circumscription of the Genus Cynanchum (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)", Systematic Botany, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, 27 (4): 789–800, doi:10.1043/0363-6445-27.4.789 (inactive 2021-05-06), JSTOR 3093924
Altervista Flora Italiana genere Vincetoxicum
The Plant List
"Vincetoxicum lineare (Decne.) Meve & Liede Bush Bean". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.