Abies koreana (Information about this image)
Pinales
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Tracheophyta
Divisio: Pinophyta
Classis: Pinopsida
Ordo: Pinales
Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Abies
Sectio: A. sect. Balsamea
Species: Abies koreana
Name
Abies koreana E.H.Wilson, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 188 (1920).
Synonyms
Heterotypic
Abies koreana f. nigrocarpa Hatus., Bull. Kyushu Univ. Forests 5: 20 (1934).
Abies koreana f. prostrata Kolesn., Vestn. Dal'nevost. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 1938: 31 (1938).
Distribution
Native distribution areas:
Asia-Temperate
Eastern Asia
Korea (South Korea).
References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Additional references
Farjon, A. 2001. World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. 2. ed., 309 pp. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-025-0 Reference page.
Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. Reference page.
Chang, C.-S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.-S. 2014. Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF). 563 p. Seoul: T.B. Lee Herbarium. PDF Reference page.
Links
Kim, Y.-S., Chang, C.-S., Kim, C.-S. & Gardner, M. 2011. Abies koreana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011. IUCN Red List Category: Endangered . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T31244A9618913.en.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Abies koreana in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 20. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Abies koreana. Published online. Accessed: March 20 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Abies koreana. Accessed: 20 March 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. Abies koreana. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 20. Reference page.
Vernacular names
العربية: شوح كوري
български: Корейска ела
català: Avet coreà
čeština: Jedle korejská
dansk: Koreansk ædelgran
Deutsch: Korea-Tanne
English: Korean Fir
Esperanto: Korea abio
español: Abeto de Corea
eesti: Korea nulg
فارسی: نراد کرهای
suomi: Koreanpihta
français: Sapin de Corée
magyar: Koreai jegenyefenyő
íslenska: Kóreuþinur
перем коми: Кореяись ньыв
한국어: 구상나무
Nederlands: Koreaanse zilverspar
polski: Jodła koreańska
русский: Пихта корейская
svenska: Koreagran
Türkçe: Kore göknarı
удмурт: Кореяысь ньылпу
українська: Ялиця корейська
中文: 朝鮮冷杉
Abies koreana (Korean: 구상나무, Gusang namu), the Korean fir, is a species of fir native to the higher mountains of South Korea, including Jeju Island. It grows at altitudes of 1,000–1,900 metres (3,300–6,200 ft) in temperate rainforest with high rainfall and cool, humid summers, and heavy winter snowfall.
Description
It is a small to medium-sized evergreen coniferous tree growing to 10–18 m (33–59 ft) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 0.7 m (2 ft 4 in), smaller and sometimes shrubby at the tree line. The bark is smooth with resin blisters and grey-brown in colour. The leaves are needle-like, flattened, 1–2 centimetres (0.4–0.8 in) long and 2–2.5 millimetres (0.08–0.10 in) wide by 0.5 mm (0.02 in) thick, glossy dark green above, and with two broad, vividly white bands of stomata below, and slightly notched at the tip. The leaf arrangement is spiral on the shoot, but with each leaf variably twisted at the base so they lie mostly either side of and above the shoot, with fewer below the shoot. The shoots are green-grey at first, maturing pinkish-grey, with scattered fine pubescence. The cones are 4–7 cm (1.6–2.8 in) long and 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) broad, dark purple-blue before maturity; the scale bracts are long, green or yellow, and emerge between the scales in the closed cone. The winged seeds are released when the cones disintegrate at maturity about 5–6 months after pollination.
Cultivation
Korean fir is a very popular ornamental plant in parks and gardens in temperate climates, grown for its foliage but also for the abundant cone production even on young trees only 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) tall. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:
A. koreana[2] (≥ 12 m)
A. koreana 'Cis'[3] (0.5–1 m)
A. koreana 'Kohout's Ice Breaker'[4] (0.5–1 m)
A. koreana 'Silberlocke'[5] (2.5–4 m)
Habitat
Biggest group of wild Korean fir grows in Hallasan Mountain in Jeju Island, South Korea.[6]
Use
Korean fir is also used as Christmas tree.[7][8]
References
Kim, Y.-S.; Chang, C.-S.; Kim, C.-S.; Gardner, M. (2011). "Abies koreana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T31244A9618913. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T31244A9618913.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
"A. koreana". Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
"A. koreana 'Cis'". Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
"A. koreana 'Kohout's Ice Breaker'". Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
"A. koreana 'Silberlocke'". Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Yoon, Hanna (2020-12-24). "Climate troubles loom for South Korea's 'Christmas Tree Island'". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
Kwon Mee-yoo (2009-12-24). "Korean Fir Popular as Christmas Tree". The Korea Times. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
"Real Christmas trees: Which one is right for you?". Michigan State University Extension. 2023-11-06. Archived from the original on 2024-05-27. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
Liu, T. S. (1971). A Monograph of the Genus Abies. National Taiwan University.
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