Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Tracheophyta
Divisio: Pinophyta
Classis: Pinopsida
Ordo: Pinales
Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Abies
Sectio: A. sect. Balsamea
Species: Abies sibirica
Subspecies: A. s. subsp. semenovii – A. s. subsp. sibirica
Name
Abies sibirica Ledeb.
References
Flora Altaica. Scripsit d. Carolus Fridericus a Ledebour. Berolini [Berlin] 4: 202 (1833).
Vernacular names
العربية: شوح سيبيري
azərbaycanca: Sibir ağ şamı
беларуская: Піхта сібірская
български: Сибирска ела
català: Avet siberià
čeština: Jedle sibiřská
Deutsch: Sibirische Tanne
English: Siberian Fir
español: Abeto de Siberia
eesti: Siberi nulg
فارسی: نراد سیبری
suomi: Siperianpihta
français: Sapin de Sibérie
magyar: Szibériai jegenyefenyő
íslenska: Síberíuþinur
italiano: Abete siberiano
перем коми: Сибирись ньыв
кыргызча: Ак карагай
lietuvių: Sibirinis kėnis
монгол: Сибирийн нарс
Nederlands: Siberische zilverspar
norsk: Sibiredelgran
polski: Jodła syberyjska
русский: Пихта сибирская
svenska: Pichtagran
Türkçe: Sibirya göknarı
удмурт: Сибирьысь ньылпу
українська: Ялиця сибірська
oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча: Oq qaragʻay
中文: 西伯利亚冷杉
Abies sibirica, the Siberian fir, is a coniferous evergreen tree native to the taiga east of the Volga River and south of 67°40' North latitude in Siberia through Turkestan, northeast Xinjiang, Mongolia and Heilongjiang.
Distribution
The tree lives in the cold boreal climate on moist soils in mountains or river basins at elevations of 1900–2400 m. It is very shade-tolerant, frost-resistant, and hardy, surviving temperatures down to −50 °C. It rarely lives over 200 years due to the susceptibility to fungal decay in the wood.
Description
Siberian fir, Abies sibirica, grows 30–35 m tall with a trunk diameter of 0.5–1 m at breast height and a conical crown. The bark is grey-green to grey-brown and smooth with resin blisters typical of most firs. Shoots are yellow-grey, resinous, and slightly pubescent. The leaves are needle-like, 2–3 cm long and 1.5 mm broad on average. They are light green above with two grey-white stomatal bands underneath, and are directed upwards along the stem. They are soft, flattened, and strongly aromatic. The cones are cylindrical, 5–9.5 cm long and 2.5–3.5 cm broad, with small bracts hidden by the scales. They ripen from bluish to brown or dark brown in mid-autumn. The seeds, 7 mm long with a triangular wing 0.7–1.3 cm long, are released when the cone disintegrates after maturity.
Varieties
There are two varieties:
Abies sibirica var. sibirica. Described above.
Abies sibirica var. semenovii (B. Fedtschenko) Farjon. Endemic in Kyrgyzstan. Branchlets noticeably ridged and grooved. Resin canals marginal. Cones yellow-brown, with broader bracts than those of var. sibirica.
Ecology
Abies sibirica is subject to infection from the fungus Delphinella balsameae which was reported from Russia for the first time in 2003.[2]
Uses
Essential oils extracted from the leaves are used in aromatherapy and perfumes. The wood is soft, lightweight, and weak. It is used in construction, furniture, and wood pulp.
References
Katsuki, T.; Rushforth, K. & Zhang, D. (2011). "Abies sibirica". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. IUCN: e.T42299A10681312. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T42299A10681312.en. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
Morozova, T. I.; Vasilyeva, L. N. (2003). "Ascomycetous fungi of Siberia. I. Delphinella balsameae - the causal agent of the shoot blight of Siberian fir" (PDF). Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya (in Russian). 37 (1): 59–61. ISSN 0026-3648.
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