Pinus pumila

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Tracheophyta
Divisio: Pinophyta
Classis: Pinopsida
Ordo: Pinales

Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: P. subg. Strobus

Sectio: P. sect. Quinquefoliae
Subsectio: P. subsect. Strobus
Species: Pinus pumila
Name

Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel, Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1858: 23. 1859. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 32(1–2): 211 1859.
Synonyms

Basionym
Pinus cembra var. pumila Pall., Fl. Ross. 1: 5]. 1784.
Homotypic
Pinus cembra subsp. pumila (Pall.) Endl., Syn. Conif.: 142. 1847.
Heterotypic
Pinus cembra var. pygmaea Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2276. 1838.
Pinus nana Lemée & H.Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 60. 1910.
Pinus pumila var. mongolica Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 19: 313. 1943.
Pinus pumila f. auriamentata Y.N.Lee, Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 7: 14. 2007.

References

USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Pinus pumila in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Pinus pumila in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Jul 14. Reference page.

Vernacular names
беларуская: Кедравы сланік
English: Dwarf Siberian Pine
Esperanto: Siberia nana pino
suomi: Pensassembra
日本語: ハイマツ
한국어: 눈잣나무
русский: Кедровый стланик

Pinus pumila, commonly known as the Siberian dwarf pine, dwarf Siberian pine,[1][3] dwarf stone pine,[1] Japanese stone pine,[3] or creeping pine,[4] is a tree in the family Pinaceae native to northeastern Asia and the Japanese isles. It shares the common name creeping pine with several other plants.

Description

The Siberian dwarf pine is a coniferous evergreen shrub ranging from 1–3 metres (3–10 feet) in height, exceptionally up to 5 m (16 ft), but may have individual branches that extend farther along the ground in length. In the mountains of northern Japan, it sometimes hybridises with the related Japanese white pine (Pinus parviflora); these hybrids (Pinus × hakkodensis) are larger than P. pumila, reaching 8–10 m (26–33 ft) tall on occasion.
Pinus pumila in natural habitat, eastern Siberia

The leaves are needle-like, formed in bundles of five and are 4–6 centimetres long. The cones are 2.5–4.5 cm long, with large nut-like seeds (pine nuts).
Distribution

The range covers the Far East, Eastern Siberia, north-east of Mongolia, north-east of China, northern Japan and Korea.[3] Siberian dwarf pine can be found along mountain chains, above the tree line, where it forms dense, uninterrupted thickets; it also grows on the headlands above the Okhotsk and Bering Seas, Tatarsk and Pacific coast (the Kurils).

P. pumila grows very slowly. It can live up to 300 and, in some instances, 1,000 years.[5][full citation needed] In the colder conditions of Siberia, there are specimens which are 250 years old and older.
Ecology
The seeds are harvested and dispersed by the spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes).

Cultivation

This plant is grown as an ornamental shrub in parks and gardens. The cultivar P. pumila 'Glauca' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[6]
See also

Pinus pumila × P. sibirica

References

Farjon, A. (2013). "Pinus pumila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42405A2977712. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42405A2977712.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
"Pinus pumila". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
"Pinus pumila". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 18 December 2017.
Fukui, K.; Sone, T.; Yamagata, K.; Otsuki, Y.; Sawada, Y.; Vetrova, V.; Vyatkina, M. (2008). "Relationships between permafrost distribution and surface organic layers near Esso, central Kamchatka, Russian Far East". Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 19 (1): 85–92. doi:10.1002/ppp.606.
Koropachinsky, Vstovskaya, 2002
"RHS Plant Selector - Pinus pumila 'Glauca'". Retrieved 6 February 2021.