Adiantum raddianum 'Double Leaflet', Photo: Michael Lahanas
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Tracheophyta
Divisio: Pteridophyta
Classis: Polypodiopsida
Ordo: Polypodiales
Familia: Pteridaceae
Subfamilia: Vittarioideae
Genus: Adiantum
Species: Adiantum raddianum
Name
Adiantum raddianum C.Presl, Tent. Pterid.: 158 (1836).
Synonyms
Replaced synonym
Adiantum cuneatum Langsd. & Fisch., Pl. Voy. Russes Monde 1: 23 (1810), nom. illeg. non Adiantum cuneatum G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr.: 84 (1786).
Lectotype (designated by Tryon 1964: 169, as first step; second step designated by Hirai & Prado 2019: 309): Brazil, Santa Catarina, “Ins. St. Catharina”, G.H. von Langsdorff s.n. (Lectotype: LE 00000018; isolectotypes: LE 00000017, B-W 20096-010, B 20 0003818, BM s.n.).
Homotypic
Adiantum cuneatum f. typicum Hieron., Hedwigia 48: 239 (1909), "typica", nom. inval.
Heterotypic
Adiantum mexicanum C.Presl, Tent. Pterid.: 158 (1836).
Adiantum aethiopicum Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil.: 123 (1867), non L.
Adiantum rubellum T.Moore, Gard. Chron. 1868: 866 (1868).
Lectotype (designated by Tryon 1964: 169): Cultivated by Veitch, originally from Bolivia (K 000227555; isolectotype: K 000227556).
Adiantum decorum T.Moore, Gard. Chron. 1869: 582 (1869).
Type: Peru, 1867, ex Hort Veitch 502, (K 000633095)
Adiantum wagneri Baker, Syn. Fil., ed. 2: 473 (1874) (non Mett.)
Adiantum cuneatum var. majus Baker, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1869: 83 (1869).
Lectotype (designated by Hirai & Prado 2019: 310): Brazil, Santa Catarina, F. Mueller 249 (K 000846870).
Adiantum cuneatum var. majus Baker in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 1(2): 594 (1870), nom. superfl.
Adiantum aemulum T.Moore, Gard. Chron., n.s., 8; 584, f. 114 (1877).
Holotype: Cultivated by Veitch, originally from Brazil, s.coll. (K 000633055).
Adiantum weigandii T.Moore, Gard. Chron., n.s., 20: 748 (1883).
Type; Of American origin, Hort. Veitch 1883 (K 001090102)
Adiantum cyclosorum T.Moore, Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 1: 547 (1887).
Lectotype (designated by Hirai & Prado 2019: 309): Cultivated by Veitch, ex Hort. Backhouse 1870, originally from Ecuador, s.coll. (K 000633054, isolectotype: K 000633053).
Adiantum cuneatum var. vastum Rosenst., Hedwigia 43: 217 (1904).
Type: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Toledo, A. Ulbricht 16 (S).
Adiantum werckleanum Christ, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 1093 (1904).
Lectotype (designated by Lellinger 1989: 154, as first step; second step designated by Hirai & Prado 2019: 311): Costa Rica, 1903, C. Wercklé s.n. (Lectotype: P 00608518; isolectotype: P 00608517).
Adiantum cuneatum f. elongatum Rosenst., Hedwigia 46: 82 (1906).
Type: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, L. Haerchen 2a (S).
Adiantum baenitzii Rosenst., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 230 (1908).
Lectotype (designated by Lellinger 1989: 154): Bolivia, Prov. La Paz, Sud Yungas, Sirupaya prope Yanacachi, 16° lat., 2100 m, ad margines silvarum, 1 Dec 1906, O. Buchtien 462 (UC 478387 p.p.; isolectotypes: S 05-9806, US 00142177!, P 00608523, P 00608522).
Adiantum cuneatum var. subintegrum Hieron., Hedwigia 48: 240 (1909) ("subintegra").
Type: Colombia, Cauca, near Puracé, A. Stübel 112 (B 20 0003921).
Adiantum cuneipinnulum N.C.Nair & S.R.Ghosh, Acta Bot. Indica 2: 78 (1974).
Distribution
Native distribution areas:
Continental: Europe (introduced)
Regional: Northern Europe
Great Britain.
Regional: Middle Europe
Belgium, Germany, Netherlands.
Regional: Southwestern Europe
France, Portugal.
Continental: Africa (introduced)
Regional: Macaronesia
Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira.
Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
Gulf of Guinea Islands.
Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
Ethiopia.
Regional: East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.
Regional: South Tropical Africa
Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe.
Regional: Southern Africa
Cape Provinces, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces.
Regional: Western Indian Ocean
Mauritius, Réunion.
Continental: Asia-Temperate (introduced)
Regional: Eastern Asia
Nansei-shoto, Taiwan.
Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced)
Regional: Indian Subcontinent
Assam, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka.
Regional: Malesia
Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi.
Regional: Papuasia
New Guinea.
Continental: Australasia (introduced)
Regional: New Zealand
New Zealand North, New Zealand South.
Continental: Pacific (introduced)
Regional: Southwestern Pacific
Gilbert Islands.
Regional: North-Central Pacific
Hawaii.
Continental: Northern America
Regional: Mexico
Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast.
Continental: Southern America
Regional: Central America
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua.
Regional: Caribbean
Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Islands.
Regional: Northern South America
Venezuela.
Regional: Western South America
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
Regional: Brazil
Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil South.
Regional: Southern South America
Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Paraguay, Uruguay.
References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references
Presl, C.B. 1836. Tentamen Pteridographiae, seu genera filicacearum praesertim juxta venarum decursum et distributionem exposita. 290 pp., XII tab., Pragae [Prague]. BHL Reference page.
Additional references
Tryon, R.M. 1964. The ferns of Peru. Polypodiaceae (Dennstaedtieae to Oleandreae). Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 194: 1–253. JSTOR BHL Reference page.
Lellinger, D.B. 1989. The ferns and ferns-allies of Costa Rica, Panama, and the Chocó (Part 1: Psilotaceae through Dicksoniaceae). Pteridologia 2A: 1–364. ISBN 0-933500-01-7 BHL Reference page.
Hirai, R.Y. & Prado, J. 2019. Neotropical species of the Adiantum raddianum group (Pteridaceae). Willdenowia 49(3): 295–317. DOI: 10.3372/wi.49.49302 Open access Reference page.
Brownsey, P.J. & Perrie, L.R. 2021. Pteridaceae. In: Breitwieser, I. (ed.) Flora of New Zealand — Ferns and Lycophytes. Fascicle 30. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. DOI: 10.7931/dtkj-x078 Open access Reference page.
Links
Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Adiantum raddianum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 May 14. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Adiantum raddianum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 14 May 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Adiantum raddianum. Published online. Accessed: 14 May 2022. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. World Ferns. Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. . Adiantum raddianum Accessed: 14 May 2022. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Adiantum raddianum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.
Vernacular names
magyar: Lilanyelű vénuszfodorka
Nederlands: Fijn venushaar
svenska: Venushår
Adiantum raddianum, the Delta maidenhair fern, is one of the most popular ferns to grow indoors.[3] It is native to South America and its common name comes from its shiny, dark leafstalks that resemble human hair.[4] It typically grows about 17–19 in (43–48 cm) tall and up to 22 in (56 cm) wide.[5] In the wild, it is found on forest floors, rock crevices, river banks, coastal cliffs, and basalt banks along trails and streams.[6] The triangular fronds are semi-erect in the beginning then droop gracefully as they age and can be up to 12 inches (30 cm)[7] long by 6 inches (15 cm) wide. The genus name Adiantum comes from the Greek word "adiantos", meaning "unwetted" (in reference to the leaves).[5]
This plant is hardy down to 5 °C (41 °F), so must be grown indoors in temperate regions. However it may be placed outside in a sheltered spot during the summer months.[8] It requires high humidity, well-drained soil, bright indirect light, and a fairly constant temperature.[3] It prefers neutral or slightly alkaline soil and is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 10 and 11.[9] It can be susceptible to scale and mealybug.[4] The cultivars ‘Brilliantelse’ and ‘Kensington Gem’ have won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8][10]
A. raddianum is sometimes considered invasive in Hawaii and French Polynesia.[6]
Gallery
References
"NatureServe Explorer". Retrieved 2021-03-31.
"Adiantum raddianum C.Presl". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
Adiantum raddianum, Missouri Botanical Garden.
"Delta Maidenhair Fern - Adiantum Raddianum - Indoor Care And Description". www.houseplantsexpert.com. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
"Maidenhair Fern: How To Grow and Care For Adiantum Raddianum". Plant Care Today. 2020-05-17. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
"Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern)". CABI Invasive Species Compendium. November 20, 2019. Archived from the original on 2015-03-02. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
Adiantum raddianum, NC Cooperative Extension.
"Adiantum raddianum". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
"Adiantum raddianum (Delta Maidenhair)". Gardenia.net. Retrieved 2021-03-31.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). RHS. 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
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