Blancoa

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Commelinaless

Familia: Haemodoraceae
Subfamilia: Conostyloideae
Genus: Blancoa
Species: B. canescens
Name

Blancoa Lindl., Sketch Veg. Swan R.: 45 (1839)
Synonyms

Styloconus Baill., Hist. des pl. 13: (1895) 75

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Australasia
Regional: Australia
(Western Australia: Eneabba to the Moore River with outliers at Perth and possibly York)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Lindley, J. 1839-1840. Appendix to the first twenty-three volumes of Edwards's botanical register consisting of a complete alphabetical and systematical index of names, synomymes and matter, adjusted to the present state of systematical botany, together with a sketch of the vegetation of the Swan River colony. iv + lviii + lxiv p., 9 pl. London: James Ridgway. BHL Reference page. : 45 - Appendix to Vols 1-23

Additional references

Govaerts, R.H.A. 1996. World Checklist of Seed Plants, volume 2. MIM, Deurne. 492pp. In two parts. ISBN 90-572-0006-6. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2015. Blancoa in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2015 Jan. 5. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2015. Blancoa. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2015 Jan. 5.
International Plant Names Index. 2015. Blancoa. Published online. Accessed: Jan. 5 2015.

Vernacular names
English: Winter Bell

Blancoa is a monotypic genus of perennial herbs in the family Haemodoraceae; the single species is Blancoa canescens, commonly known as the winter bell.[2] It is endemic to the southwestern corner of Western Australia. It has nodding red to pink flowers, a clumping habit and grows to be 10 to 40 cm in height.[2] The genus is named in honour of Francisco Manuel Blanco,[3] a Spanish friar and botanist who compiled the first comprehensive flora of the Philippines.[4]

Description

The winter bell is a clump-forming perennial herb with a rhizomatous rootstock. It sprouts tufts of linear leaves 25 cm (10 in) long by 0.5 cm (0.2 in) wide with entire margins and prominent parallel veins, which are covered with silky hairs when young. The pink or red, nodding flowers are about 3 cm (1.2 in) long, with yellowish interiors, and grow in pairs in a few-flowered spike. The plant flowers between May and September, in the wet season.[5] The outside of the tubular flowers are covered with fine rusty-red hairs while the inside is hairless. There is a nectary at the base of the tube which provides copious nectar, and the flowers are pollinated by birds. The main pollinators are the singing honeyeater (Gavicalis virescens) and the red wattlebird (Anthochaera carunculata), although other birds and bees may also visit; larger birds stand on the ground, reaching up into the flowers to sip nectar while smaller birds may hang on the pedicel, their heads and beaks being showered with pollen.[6] After pollination, the flowers fade and wither but remain in place while the fruits develop inside.[6]
Distribution and habitat

The winter bell is endemic to the coastal strip of southwestern Western Australia, where it is found in the Shire of Irwin, the Shire of Gingin and adjoining areas in the Southwest botanical province.[2] It grows in deep sand in Banksia woodland and in kwongan, an open community of scrubby heathland.[5] This region has a Mediterranean-type climate with cool wet winters and hot dry summers.[7]
References

"Blancoa canescens Lindl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
"Blancoa cansescens Lindl. Winter Bell". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
"Blancoa Lindl". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
Robinson, C. B. (1906). "The History of Botany in the Philippine Islands". Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 7 (76): 104–112.
Corrick, Margaret G.; Fuhrer, Bruce Alexander (2009). Wildflowers of Southern Western Australia. Rosenberg Publishing. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-877058-84-4.
Keighery, G.J. (1981). "Pollination and the Generic Status of Blancoa canescens Lindl. (Haemodoraceae)". Flora. 171 (6): 521–524. doi:10.1016/S0367-2530(17)31303-8.
Rainfall figures from "Western Australia: an atlas of human endeavour 1829-1979" (Western Australian Government Press)