Lycopodium clavatum
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Tracheophyta
Divisio: Lycopodiophyta
Classis: Lycopodiopsida
Subclassis: Lycopodiidae
Ordo: Lycopodiales
Familia: Lycopodiaceae
Subfamilia: Lycopodioideae
Genus: Lycopodium
Species: Lycopodium clavatum
Subspecies: L. c. subsp. clavatum – L. c. subsp. contiguum
Varietas: L. c. var. aristatum
Name
Lycopodium clavatum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1101 (1753).
Synonyms
Homotypic
Lepidotis clavata (L.) P.Beauv., Prodr. Aethéogam. 108 (1805).
Heterotypic
see Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum
Distribution
Native distribution areas:
Continental: Europe
Regional: Northern Europe
Denmark, Finland, Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales), Iceland, Ireland (Irish Republic, Northern Ireland), Norway, Sweden
Regional: Middle Europe
Austria (Österreich), Belgium (Kingdom of Belgium, Luxembourg), Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic, Slovakia), Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thüringen), Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland
Regional: Southwestern Europe
France (French mainland), Portugal, Spain (Andorra, Spanish mainland)
Regional: Southeastern Europe
Bulgaria, Italy (Italian mainland), Romania, Yugoslavia (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia)
Regional: Eastern Europe
Belarus, Baltic States (Estonia, Kaliningrad, Latvia, Lithuania), Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa
Regional: West Tropical Africa
Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Sierra Leone.
Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon (doubtful), Gulf of Guinea Islands (Bioko, São Tomé), Rwanda, Zaïre
Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
Ethiopia, Sudan
Regional: East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Regional: South Tropical Africa
Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Regional: Southern Africa
Cape Provinces (Eastern Cape, Western Cape), Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Swaziland, Northern Provinces (Mpumalanga, Northern Province)
Regional: Western Indian Ocean
Comoros (Grande Comore), Mauritius, Madagascar, Réunion.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: Siberia
Altay, Buryatiya, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, West Siberia, Yakutiya.
Regional: Russian Far East
Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin.
Regional: Middle Asia
Kazakhstan.
Regional: Caucasus
North Caucasus, Transcaucasus (Gruziya)
Regional: Western Asia
Turkey
Regional: China
Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol), Manchuria (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning)
Regional: Mongolia
Mongolia
Regional: Eastern Asia
Japan, Korea (North Korea, South Korea).
Continental: Northern America
Regional: Subarctic America
Aleutian Islands, Alaska.
Regional: Western Canada
British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
Regional: Eastern Canada
New Brunswick, Newfoundland, St.-Pierre-et-Miquelon, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isle, Québec.
Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin.
Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia,
Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
California.
Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
New Mexico.
Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
District of Columbia, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.
Mexico Central (México State, Puebla), Mexico Gulf (Veracruz), Mexico Northeast (Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí), Mexico Southeast (Chiapas), Mexico Southwest (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Oaxaca).
Continental: Southern America
Regional: Central America
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
Regional: Caribbean
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands (Guadeloupe, St. Kitts-Nevis (St.-Kitts)), Puerto Rico, Windward Islands (Martinique).
Regional: Northern South America
Guyana, Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo).
Regional: Western South America
Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz), Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle), Ecuador, Galápagos, Peru.
Regional: Brazil
Brazil South (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), Brazil Southeast (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo).
Regional: Southern South America
Argentina Northeast (Córdoba, Misiones), Argentina Northwest (Jujuy, Salta), Paraguay (Caaguazu).
References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 1101. Reference page.
Links
Hassler, M. & Schmitt, B. 2019. World Ferns. Checklist of the Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 7.71 – March 2019. Accessed 21 May 2019.
Hassler, M. 2019. Lycopodium clavatum – World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World . In: Roskov Y., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi J. & Penev L. (eds.) 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 May 21.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Lycopodium clavatum. Published online. Accessed: May 21 2019.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Lycopodium clavatum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 May 21. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2019. Lycopodium clavatum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 21 May 2019.
USDA NRCS PLANTS Profile
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Lycopodium clavatum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.
Vernacular names
беларуская: Дзераза булавападобная
български: Бухалковиден плаун
čeština: Plavuň vidlačka
dansk: Almindelig Ulvefod
Deutsch: Keulen-Bärlapp
English: Stag's-Horn Moss, Running clubmoss, Wolf's Foot Clubmoss, Ground Pine
español: Caminera, Colchón de Pobre, Licopodio
suomi: Katinlieko
français: Lycopode officinal, Lycopode en Massue, Herbe aux Massues
magyar: Kapcsos korpafű
Bahasa Indonesia: paku kawat
italiano: Licopodio Officinale
日本語: ヒカゲノカズラ
lietuvių: Vaistinis pataisas
Nederlands: grote wolfsklauw
norsk: Myk Kråkefot
polski: Widłak Goździsty, Babimór
slovenčina: Plavúň obyčajný
svenska: Mattlummer
українська: Плаун булавовидний
Lycopodium clavatum , Photo: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Lycopodium clavatum (common club moss,[3][4] stag's-horn clubmoss,[5] running clubmoss,[6] or ground pine[7]) is the most widespread species in the genus Lycopodium in the clubmoss family.
Description
Lycopodium clavatum is a spore-bearing vascular plant, growing mainly prostrate along the ground with stems up to 1 m (39 in) long; the stems are much branched, and densely clothed with small, spirally arranged microphyll leaves. The leaves are 3–5 mm long and 0.7–1 mm broad, tapered to a fine hair-like white point. The branches bearing strobili or spore cones turn erect, reaching 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in) above ground, and their leaves are modified as sporophylls that enclose the spore capsules or sporangia. The spore cones are yellow-green, 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) long, and 5 mm (0.20 in) broad. The horizontal stems produce roots at frequent intervals along their length, allowing the stem to grow indefinitely along the ground. The stems superficially resemble small seedlings of coniferous trees, though it is not related to these.
Close-up of strobili
Distribution
Lycopodium clavatum has a widespread distribution across several continents.[8][9][10][11][12][13] There are distinct subspecies and varieties in different parts of its range:
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum var. clavatum (Europe, Asia, North America)
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum var. aristatum (Mexico, Caribbean, Central America, northern South America south to northern Argentina)
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum var. asiaticum (Japan, northeast China)
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum var. borbonicum (central and southern Africa)
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. clavatum var. kiboanum (mountains of tropical Africa)
Lycopodium clavatum subsp. contiguum (southern Central America, northern South America; syn. Lycopodium contiguum)
Although globally widespread, like many clubmosses, it is confined to undisturbed sites, disappearing from farmed areas and sites with regular burning. As a result, it is endangered in many areas. In the UK it is one of 101 species named as a high priority for conservation by the wild plant charity Plantlife.
Other common names
Common names for this species include wolf's-foot clubmoss, common clubmoss, wolf-paw clubmoss, running ground-pine, running pine,[7] running moss, princess pine, and others.
Use
The dried spores of this moss are explosive if present at high density in air. They were used as flash powder in early photography and are still used in magic acts. See lycopodium powder.
The plant has been used in Finnish traditional medicine as a diuretic and as a remedy for rickets.[14]
Active constituents
Bioactive secondary metabolites in clubmosses include triterpenoids with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity isolated from this species.[15]
L. clavatum ssp. clavatum var. clavatum, with strobili
L. clavatum ssp. clavatum var. clavatum, with strobili
L. clavatum with strobili
L. clavatum with strobili
References
The Plant List, Lycopodium clavatum L.
"Family Lycopodiaceae, genus Lycopodium; world species list". Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
"Lycopodium clavatum (common clubmoss, running clubmoss): Go Botany". gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org. Retrieved 2019-05-29.
"Licopodio, Lycopodium clavatum, Common club moss: Philippine herbal medicines / Stuartxchange". www.stuartxchange.org. Retrieved 2019-05-29.
BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
NRCS. "Lycopodium clavatum". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 26 July 2016.
Bailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan, New York.
"Lycopodium clavatum in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2019-05-29.
"Lycopodium clavatum in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2019-05-29.
Altervista Flora Italiana, Lycopodium clavatum L. includes photos and European distribution map
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis
Mickel, J. T. & J. M. Beitel. 1988. Pteridophyte Flora of Oaxaca, Mexico. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 46: 1–568
Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
Piirainen, Mikko; Piirainen, Pirkko; Vainio, Hannele (1999). Kotimaan luonnonkasvit [Native wild plants] (in Finnish). Porvoo, Finland: WSOY. p. 18. ISBN 951-0-23001-4.
Rollinger JM, Ewelt J, Seger C, Sturm S, Ellmerer EP, Stuppner H (2005). Planta Med;71(11):1040-3. PMID 16320206
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
