Abrotanella

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Senecioneae
Subtribus: Abrotanellinae
Genus: Abrotanella
Species: A. caespitosa – A. diemii – A. emarginata – A. fertilis – A. filiformis – A. forsteroides – A. inconspicua – A. linearifolia – A. linearis – A. muscosa – A. nivigena – A. papuana – A. patearoa – A. purpurea – A. pusilla – A. rostrata – A. rosulata – A. scapigera – A. spathulata – A. submarginata – A. trichoachaenia – A. trilobata
Source(s) of checklist:

Hassler, M. 2018. Abrotanella. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 25. Reference page.

Name

Abrotanella Cass. (1825:27)

Note: Not "(Gaudich.) Cass." as given in Swenson (1995:155), cf. Flann & al. (2010:1211).
Type species: Abrotanella emarginata (Gaudich.) Cass., 1825
Type fixation: By monotypy (Cassini, 1825:27; Flann & al., 2010:1211).

Synonyms

Homotypic
Soliva sect. Abrotanella (Cass.) Baill. (1882:283)
Heterotypic
Ceratella Hook.f. (1844:25)
Etymology: Ancient Greek κέρας, κέρατος (keras, keratos), "horn" + Latin diminutive -ella "alludes to the small horns on the cypselas" (Swenson, 1995:165).
Type species: Ceratella rosulata Hook.f., 1844 (=Abrotanella rosulata (Hook.f.) Hook.f., 1864)
Type fixation: By monotypy (Hooker, 1844:25).
Trineuron Hook.f. (1844:23)
Etymology: "presumably chosen to draw attention to the three "nerves" in the phyllaries and cypselas" (Swenson, 1995:169).
Type species: Trineuron spathulatum Hook.f., 1844 (=Abrotanella spathulata (Hook.f.) Hook.f., 1864)
Type fixation: By monotypy (Hooker, 1844:24).
Scleroleima Hook.f. (1846:444)
Etymology: Unknown, not discussed in Swenson (1995).
Type species: Scleroleima forsteroides Hook.f., 1846 (=Abrotanella forsteroides (Hook.f.) Benth., 1866)
Type fixation: By monotypy (Hooker, 1846:444).

References

Baillon, Henri. (1882) "Composées", in Hist. Pl. 8 :1-316.
Cassini, Henri de. (1825) "Oligospore", in Frédéric Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 36 :24-27.
Flann, C., Greuter, W. & Hind, D.J.N. 2010. Cassini's Compositae genera: A nomenclatural and taxonomic assessment. Taxon 59(4): 1206–1244. DOI: 10.1002/tax.594021 JSTOR PDF. Reference page.
Heads, Michael. (1999) "Vicariance biogeography and terrane tectonics in the South Pacific: analysis of the genus Abrotanella (Compositae)". Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 67 (3):391-432. DOI: 10.1006/bijl.1998.0309.
Hooker, Joseph Dalton. (1844) "Compositae", in Bot. Antarct. Voy. 1 :23-37. (Fl. Antarct.).
Hooker, Joseph Dalton. (1846) "Description of a New Genus of Compositae, and a New Species of Plantago, from the Mountains of Tasmania". London J. Bot. 5 :444-447.
Swenson, U. 1995. Systematics of Abrotanella, an Amphi-pacific genus of Asteraceae (Senecioneae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 197(1–4): 149–193. DOI: 10.1007/BF00984638. Reference page.
Swenson, Ulf. (1996) "Abrotanella rostrata (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) - a new species for New Zealand". New Zealand J. Bot. 34(1): 47-50.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Abrotanella. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 25. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Abrotanella. Published online. Accessed: Feb. 25 2018. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Abrotanella in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 25. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2018. Abrotanella. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 25 Feb. 2018.

Vernacular names
русский: Абротанелла

Abrotanella is a genus in the family Asteraceae, of 23 species,[3] native to Australia, New Zealand and southern South America.

They are usually small plants, sometimes not reaching more than a few millimetres above the ground, although some form cushions in bolster heaths reaching up to a metre in diameter.
Taxonomy

Genus Abrotanella is placed in the tribe Senecioneae and is the sole genus in the subtribe Abrotanellinae. The genus was formerly placed in the subtribe Blennospermatinae, but molecular and morphological studies have shown it to be distinct from other genera in that group.[4]

Phylogenetic studies have shown that Abrotanella forms a well-supported monophyletic group. It is sister to a clade formed by three other genera: Crocidium, Blennosperma, and Ischnea. Within Abrotanella, A. forsteroides from Tasmania is sister to all other species in the genus.[4]
Evolutionary history

The evolutionary history of Abrotanella has been investigated using molecular dating techniques, providing insights into the timing of its diversification. According to these studies, the stem age of Abrotanella is estimated to be approximately 19.4 million years ago, placing its origin in the early Miocene. However, the radiation of extant species began much later, around 4.2 million years ago during the Pliocene. This was followed by a significant divergence event about 3.1 million years ago, which led to the formation of the two main lineages observed within the genus.[4]

Biogeographic analyses suggest that South America was likely part of the ancestral area for Abrotanella. The genus is thought to have reached New Zealand and other Pacific areas through long-distance dispersal, as the timing of its evolution postdates the separation of these landmasses. This finding challenges earlier hypotheses that might have attributed the distribution of Abrotanella to ancient vicariance events related to the break-up of Gondwana.[4]

The distribution of Abrotanella species reflects a complex history involving both vicariance and dispersal events. Researchers have proposed that this distribution pattern may have resulted from a combination of factors, including potential migration via land bridges or stepping stones along the Antarctic coast, as well as long-distance dispersal across ocean barriers.[4]
Description

Abrotanella comprises small alpine or subalpine plants, often forming cushions. They are typically found growing in moist habitats, herbfields, among rocks, or on bare soils.[4]

Most species of Abrotanella lack obvious adaptations for long-distance dispersal. However, some species, such as A. submarginata and A. muscosa, have fruits with twin hairs and an apical crown, which could potentially aid in dispersal.[4]

Species[3]

Abrotanella caespitosa Petrie ex Kirk - New Zealand
Abrotanella diemii Cabrera - Argentina
Abrotanella emarginata (Gaudich.) Cass. - Chile, Argentina, Falkland Islands
Abrotanella fertilis Swenson - New Zealand
Abrotanella forsteroides (Hook.f.) Benth. - New Zealand, Tasmania
Abrotanella inconspicua Hook.f. - New Zealand
Abrotanella linearifolia A.Gray - Tierra del Fuego
Abrotanella linearis Bergg. - New Zealand
Abrotanella muscosa Kirk - New Zealand
Abrotanella nivigena (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. - Australia
Abrotanella papuana S.Moore - New Guinea
Abrotanella patearoa Heads - New Zealand
Abrotanella purpurea Swenson - Chile
Abrotanella pusilla (Hook.f.) Hook.f. - New Zealand
Abrotanella rostrata Swenson - New Zealand
Abrotanella rosulata (Hook.f.f) Hook.f. - Campbell Islands
Abrotanella scapigera (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. - Tasmania
Abrotanella spathulata (Hook.f.) Hook.f. - Auckland Islands
Abrotanella submarginata A.Gray - Argentina, Chile
Abrotanella trichoachaenia Cabrera - Argentina, Chile
Abrotanella trilobata Swenson - Tierra del Fuego

Synonyms

Abrotanella crassipes Skottsb. is synonym of Abrotanella linearifolia A.Gray [3]
Abrotanella filiformis Petrie is synonym of Abrotanella linearis Bergg. [3]
Rhamphogyne rhynchocarpa was formerly placed here with the name Abrotanella rhynchocarpa

References

Cassini 1825, p. 27.
Hooker, Fitch & Reeve Brothers 1844, p. 25.
"The Plant List". Retrieved 11 November 2012.

Swenson, Ulf; Bremer, Kare (1997). "Pacific Biogeography of the Asteraceae genus Abrotanella (Senecioneae, Blennospermatinae)". Systematic Botany. 22 (3): 493–508. doi:10.2307/2419823. JSTOR 2419823.

Bibliography

Cassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de (1825). Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'aprés l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité quén peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts (in French). Vol. 36 (2 ed.). Strasbourg and Paris: F.G. Levrault and Le Normant.
Hooker, Joseph Dalton; Fitch, Walter Hood; Reeve Brothers (1844). The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843 :under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross. Vol. 1. London: Reeve Brothers.
Swenson U. 1995. Systematics of Abrotanella, an amphi-Pacific genus of Asteraceae (Senecioneae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 197. (1-4): 149–193.
Wagstaff, Steven J.; Breitwieser, Ilse & Swenson, Ulf 2006. Origin and relationships of the austral genus Abrotanella (Asteraceae) inferred from DNA sequences. Taxon 55(1):95-106.