Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Cactaceae
Subfamilia: Cactoideae
Tribus: Cacteae
Genus: Ariocarpus
Species: Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus
Name

Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 259 (1897).
Synonyms

Basionym
Anhalonium kotschoubeyanum Lem., Hort. Universel 6: 63 (1844).
Homotypic
Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) A.Berger, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 15: 48 (1925).
Heterotypic
Cactus kotschoubeyi Karw., Hort. Universel 6: 63 (1845).
Anhalonium kotchubeyi Lem. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 2: 5 (1850).
Anhalonium sulcatum Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 2: 5 (1850).
Ariocarpus sulcatus (Salm-Dyck) K.Schum. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 195 (1894).
Mammillaria sulcata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck.: 78 (1850).
Anhalonium fissipedum Monv. ex C.F.Forst., Handb. Cakteenk., ed. 2, 1: 232 (1885).
Ariocarpus rotchubeyanus Cobbold, J. Hort. Home Farm. III 46: 332 (1903).
Ariocarpus macdowellii W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 135 (1941).
Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus subsp. macdowellii Backeb., Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 8 (1949).
Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus var. macdowellii (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 3075 (1961).
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus var. elephantidens Skarupke, Stachelpost 9: 33 (1973).
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. elephantidens (Skarupke) Halda, Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5: 185 (1998).
Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus var. albiflorus Backeb., Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 13: 151 (1951).
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. albiflorus (Backeb.) Glass, Guía Identif. Cact. Amenazadas México 1: Ar/ko ssp. albiflorus (1998 publ. 1997).
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. sladkovskyi Halda & Horácek, Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5: 185 (1998).
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. tulensis Halda, Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5: 35 (1998).
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. neotulensis Halda, Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 9: 51 (2002).
Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. skarupkeanus Halda & Horácek, Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 9: 3 (2002).
Stromatocactus kotschoubeyi Karw. ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler, Handb. Cakteenk., ed. 2: 232 (1885), nom. inval..

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Regional: Mexico
Mexico Northeast (Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Schumann, K.M. 1897. Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 259.

Additional references

Korotkova, N., Aquino, D., Arias, S., Eggli, U., Franck, A. , Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Guerrero, P.C., Hernández, H.M., Kohlbecker, A., Köhler, M., Luther, K., Majure, L.C., Müller, A., Metzing, D., Nyffeler, R., Sánchez, D., Schlumpberger, B. & Berendsohn, W.G. 2021. Cactaceae at Caryophyllales. org–a dynamic online species-level taxonomic backbone for the family. Willdenowia 51(2): 251–270. DOI: 10.3372/wi.51.51208 Open access Reference page.

Links

Korotkova, N. et al. 2021. Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus in Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org. A global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Nov 12. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus. Published online. Accessed: Jul 13 2019. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Mar 04. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2019. Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 13 Jul 2019.
Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus. Accessed: 16 Nov 2021.
Hassler, M. 2021. Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Nov 16. Reference page.
IUCN: Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) K.Schum. (Near Threatened)
http://www.living-rocks.com/kotschoubeyanus.htm

Vernacular names
español: Pezuña de Venado

Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae.
Description

The Ariocarpus koschoubeyanus usually grows alone and remains below the soil surface. Its dark olive-green shoots, which are flattened at the tip and slightly sunken in the middle, have a diameter of 3 to 7 cm (1.2 to 2.8 in). The warts are spirally arranged, elongated at the base, becoming broadly triangular and tapering towards the tip. They measure 5 to 13 mm (0.20 to 0.51 in) long and 3 to 10 mm (0.12 to 0.39 in) wide. A woolly furrow extends across the middle of the areoles, and there are no thorns.

The flowers are typically crimson red and 1.5 to 2.5 cm (0.59 to 0.98 in) in diameter, though there is at least one population with white flowers. The sepals are green or brownish, somewhat fleshy, and often split into two columns. The petals are lanceolate-spatulate, pointed, blunt, or edged. The stamens, style, and stigma are white. The elongated fruits are 8 to 18 mm (0.31 to 0.71 in) long.[3]

Distribution

The distribution of Ariocarpus koschoubeyanus ranges from the Mexican state of Coahuila south to Querétaro, including parts of Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas, where it grows in the Chihuahuan Desert in loamy plains growing at elevations of 1000 to 1900 meters. It is threatened by habitat loss. Plants are found growing along Dasylirion longissimum, Thelocactus bicolor, Mammillaria elongata, Agave stricta, Lophophora williamsii, Ferocactus uncinatus , and Echinocereus schmollii. [4]

Taxonomy

The species was first collected around 1840 by Wilhelm Friedrich von Karwinsky and sent to Europe. Charles Lemaire described it in 1842 as Anhalonium kotschoubeyanum.[5] The specific epithet honors Prince Wassili Viktorovich Kochubey. Karl Moritz Schumann reassigned the species to the genus Ariocarpus in 1898.
Pharmacology

Hordenine and N-methyltyramine were found in Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus.[6]
References

Gómez-Hinostrosa, C.; Sotomayor, M.; Hernández, H.M.; Smith, M. (2017). "Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41217A121435216. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41217A121435216.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
"Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon (in German). Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Ulmer. pp. 73–74. ISBN 3-8001-4573-1.
Vallicelli, Valentino (2013-08-04). "Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus". LLIFLE. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
Engler, Adolf (1898). Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie. Vol. Bd.24 (1898). Schweizerbart [etc.] ISSN 0006-8152. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
Neal, J.M.; Sato, P.T.; Johnson, C.L.; McLaughlin, J.L. (1971). "Cactus Alkaloids X: Isolation of Hordenine and N-Methyltyramine from Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 60 (3): 477–478. doi:10.1002/jps.2600600334. PMID 5572136.