Calyptrochilum

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Vandeae
Subtribus: Angraecinae
Genus: Calyptrochilum
Overview of species (3)

C. aurantiacum – C. christyanum – C. emarginatum
Name

Calyptrochilum Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22: 30 (1895)

Type species: Calyptrochilum emarginatum (Afzel. ex Sw.) Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 84 (1918)

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Ossiculum P.J.Cribb & Laan, Kew Bull. 41: 823 (1986).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Africa
West Tropical Africa
Benin, Burkina, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierre Leone, Togo,
West-Central Tropical Africa
Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Rwanda, Zaïre,
Northeast Tropical Africa
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan,
East Tropical Africa
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda,
South Tropical Africa
Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe,
Southern America (introduced)
Brazil (introduced)
Brazil Northeast. (introduced)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Kraenzlin, F.W.L. 1895. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 22: 30.

Links

Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2021. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Calyptrochilum. Accessed: 2021 Apr 6.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Calyptrochilum in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Apr 6. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Calyptrochilum in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Apr 6. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. Calyptrochilum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Apr 6. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Calyptrochilum. Published online. Accessed: 6 Apr 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Calyptrochilum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 6 Apr 2021.

Vernacular names

перем коми: Калиптрохилум
коми: Калиптрохилум
мокшень: Калиптрохилум
олык марий: Калиптрохилум
кырык мары: Калиптрохилум
удмурт: Калиптрохилум

Calyptrochilum is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family Orchidaceae[2] native to tropical Africa, with one species extending into Brazil.[3]

Three species are recognized as of 2020:[3]

Calyptrochilum aurantiacum (P.J.Cribb & Laan) Stévart, M.Simo & Droissart - West Cameroon and Northwest Congo
Calyptrochilum christyanum (Rchb.f.) Summerh. - Bahia region of Brazil; Africa from Senegal to Ethiopia to Zimbabwe and Mozambique
Calyptrochilum emarginatum (Afzel. ex Sw.) Schltr. - Africa from Ivory Coast to Central African Republic south to Angola

Taxonomy and naming
Calyptrochilum aurantiacum, a critically endangered species.

Calyptrochilum historically contained two species, C. christyanum and C. emarginatum. In 2018, the monotypic genus Ossiculum was moved into Calyptrochilum. The sole Ossiculum species was Ossiculum aurantiacum; it is endemic to Cameroon and is classified as Critically Endangered due to habitat loss.[4]

The original describers of Ossiculum, P.J.Cribb & Laan, noted that the genus closely resembled Calyptrochilum in terms of floral morphology. In 1986, Gasson and Cribb (1986) found the leaf structure of Ossiculum and Calyptrochilum to possess shared characteristics that did not belong to other genera in the Angraecinae. These findings were confirmed in 2006 by Carlsward et al., but O. aurantiacum remained separate from Calyptrochilum because of several of its own distinctive features, among them its bright golden flowers. Finally, in 2018, Stévart, M.Simo & Droissart combined the previous morphological and cytological data with genomic information, cementing the position of the former monotypic genus within Calyptrochilum.[5]
References

"Calyptrochilum". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Kraenzlin, Friedrich (Fritz) Wilhelm Ludwig. 1895. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 22: 30
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Pollard, B.J. & Darbyshire, I. 2004. Ossiculum aurantiacum. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 August 2007.

Simo-Droissart, Murielle & Stévart, Tariq. "New taxonomic and conservation status of Ossiculum (Vandeae, Orchidaceae), a highly threatened and narrow-endemic angraecoid orchid from Central Africa." PhytoKeys 98: 89 (2018).

Sources

Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (1999). Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (2001). Genera Orchidacearum 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (2003). Genera Orchidacearum 3. Oxford Univ. Press
Berg Pana, H. 2005. Handbuch der Orchideen-Namen. Dictionary of Orchid Names. Dizionario dei nomi delle orchidee. Ulmer, Stuttgart