Chrozophora

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Acalyphoideae
Tribus: Chrozophoreae
Subtribus: Chrozophorinae
Genus: Chrozophora
Species: C. brocchiana – C. gangetica – C. mujunkumi – C. oblongifolia – C. plicata – C. rottleri – C. sabulosa – C. senegalensis – C. tinctoria
Source(s) of checklist:

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Chrozophora in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jun 08. Reference page.

Name

Chrozophora Neck. ex A.Juss., Euphorb. Gen.: 27 (1824), nom. cons.

Type species: Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss.

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Tournesol Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 356 (1763), nom. rej.
Tournesolia Nissole ex Scop., Intr. Hist. Nat.: 243 (1777), orth. var.
Ricinoides Tourn. ex Moench, Methodus: 286 (1794).
Crozophora A.Juss., Euphorb. Gen.: 27 (1824), orth. var.
Lepidocroton C.Presl, Epimel. Bot.: 213 (1851).

References
Primary references

Necker, N.M.J. de, 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus medisque earumdem viribus tentamen: 27.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Chrozophora in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jun 08. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Chrozophora. Published online. Accessed: Jun 08 2020.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Chrozophora in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jun 08. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2020. Chrozophora. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 08 Jun 2020.

Vernacular names
Bahasa Indonesia: Banding

Chrozophora is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1824.[2][3] It comprises monoecious herbs or undershrubs. The genus is widespread across Europe, Africa, and Asia.[1][4][5][6]

Chrozophora tinctoria produced the blue-purple colorant "turnsole" used in medieval illuminated manuscripts and as a food colorant

Species[1]

Chrozophora brocchiana - Sahara and Sahel regions of Africa; Cape Verde
Chrozophora gangetica - India
Chrozophora mujunkumi - Uzbekistan
Chrozophora oblongifolia - E Africa, Middle East, India, Pakistan
Chrozophora plicata - Sub-Saharan Africa, Arabian Peninsula, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Myanmar, Java
Chrozophora rottleri - Indian Subcontinent, Afghanistan, Indochina
Chrozophora sabulosa - Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan, Central Asia, Xinjiang
Chrozophora sabulosa - W Africa
Chrozophora tinctoria - Mediterranean, Middle East, India, Pakistan, Central Asia

Formerly included

moved to other genera (Codiaeum and Mallotus)

C. mollissima - Mallotus mollissimus
C. peltata - Codiaeum peltatum

References

"Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
Jussieu, Adrien Henri Laurent de. 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earumdem viribus tentamen, tabulis aeneis 18 illustratum 27
"Tropicos - Name - !Chrozophora Neck. ex A. Juss". www.tropicos.org.
Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Chrozophora includes photos + European distribution maps
Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 223 沙戟属 sha ji shu Chrozophora Necker ex A. Jussieu, Euphorb. Gen. 27. 1824.
Flora of Pakistan, Chrozophora Neck. ex A.H.L. Juss., Euph. Gen. Tent. 27. 1824.