Cissampelos pareira

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Ordo: Ranunculales

Familia: Menispermaceae
Subfamilia: Menispermoideae
Tribus: Cissampelideae
Genus: Cissampelos
Species: Cissampelos pareira
Varietates: C. p. var. hirsuta – C. p. var. pareira – C. p. var. wildei –
Name

Cissampelos pareira L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1031. 1753. (as Pareira)
Synonymy

Heterotypic
Cissampelos caapeba L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1032. 1753. – non Cissampelos caapeba Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon. 10: t. 139. 1827 [1831], nom. illeg. hom.
Cissampelos mauritiana Thouars, J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 67(–68), tt. 3, 4. 1809.
Cissampelos microcarpa DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 534. 1817.
Cissampelos heterophylla DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 534. 1817.
Cissampelos tomentosa DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 535(–536). 1817. – non Cissampelos tomentosa Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon. 10: t. 143. 1827 [1831], nom. illeg. hom.
Cissampelos tamoides Willd. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 536. 1817.
Cissampelos guayaquilensis Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 5(19): 52. (May) 1821. – Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5(20): 67. (Sep) 1821.
Cissampelos argentea Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 5(19): 52. (May) 1821. – Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5(20): 67(–68). 1821.
Cissampelos orinocensis Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (folio ed.) 5(19): 53. (May) 1821. – Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5(20): 68. 1821.
Cissampelos littoralis A.St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. (quarto ed.) 1(2): 54. 1825.
Cissampelos australis A.St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. (quarto ed.) 1(2): 54(–55). 1825. – non Cissampelos australis A.Cunn. ex Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 7(37): 40. 1851, nom. nud.
Cissampelos monoica A.St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. (quarto ed.) 1(2): 55. 1825.
Cissampelos gracilis A.St.-Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid. (quarto ed.) 1(2): 56(–57). 1825.
Cissampelos haenkeana C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2(2): 80. 1835.
Cissampelos hirsutissima C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2(2): 80(–81). 1835.
Cissampelos kohautiana C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2(2): 81. 1835.
Cissampelos acuminata Benth., Pl. Hartw.: 58. 1840, nom. illeg. hom. – non Cissampelos acuminata DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 538. 1817.
Cissampelos canescens Miq., Sert. Exot. 1: 7, t. 4. 1842 [1843].
Cissampelos cordifolia Bojer, Rapp. Annuel Trav. Soc. Hist. Nat. Ile Maurice 13: 43. 1842 [1843]. – Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 20: 54(–55). 1843.
Cissampelos nephrophylla Bojer, Rapp. Annuel Trav. Soc. Hist. Nat. Ile Maurice 13: 44. 1842 [1843]. – Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 2, 20: 55. 1843.
Cissampelos pannosa Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(4): 283. 1854.
Cissampelos salzmannii Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(4): 284. 1854. (as Cissampelos Salzmanni)
Cissampelos eriocarpa Triana & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 17(1): 40(–41). 1862.
Cissampelos subreniformis Triana & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 17(1): 41. 1862.
Cissampelos glaucescens Triana & Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 4, 17(1): 41(–42). 1862.
Cissampelos pareira var. caapeba (L.) Eichler, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 13(1): 190. 1864. (as β. Caapeba)
Cissampelos pareira var. racemiflora Eichler, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 13(1): 190. 1864.
Cissampelos pareira var. monoica (A.St.-Hil.) Eichler, Fl. Bras. (Martius) 13(1): 190. 1864.
Cissampelos testudinaria Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: 134. 1866, nom. nud.
Dissopetalum mauritianum (Thouars) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: (267–)268. 1866. – Contr. Bot. 3: 203(–204), t. 117. 1871.
Cissampelos longipes Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: 134. 1866, nom. nud. – Contr. Bot. 3: 138(–139). 1871.
Cissampelos testudinum Miers, Contr. Bot. 3: 143. 1871.
Cissampelos limbata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: 134. 1866, nom. nud. – Contr. Bot. 3: 143(–144). 1871.
Cissampelos benthamiana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: 134. 1866, nom. nud. – Contr. Bot. 3: 144(–145). 1871, nom. nov. (as Cissampelos Benthamiana)
Cissampelos auriculata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: 135. 1866, nom. nud. – Contr. Bot. 3: 158(–159). 1871.
Cissampelos hederacea Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: 135. 1866, nom. nud. – Contr. Bot. 3: 159(–160). 1871.
Cissampelos consociata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: 135. 1866, nom. nud. – Contr. Bot. 3: 167(–168). 1871.
Cissampelos diffusa Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: 136. 1866, nom. nud. – Contr. Bot. 3: 168. 1871.
Cissampelos madagascariensis Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: 136. 1866, nom. nud. – Contr. Bot. 3: 181(–182). 1871. (as Cissampelos Madagascariensis) – non Cissampelos madagascariensis (Baill.) Diels, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV. 94 (Heft 46): 299. 1910, nom. illeg. hom.
Cissampelos bojeriana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 17: 136. 1866, nom. nud. – Contr. Bot. 3: 182. 1871. (as Cissampelos Bojeriana)
Cissampelos boivinii Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1(58): 460. 1885. (as C. Boivini)
Cissampelos pareira subvar. madagascariensis (Miers) Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26(3–4): 396. 1899.
Cissampelos pareira f. reniformis Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3(5): 420. 1903.
Cissampelos pareira f. emarginato-mucronata Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3(5): 420. 1903.
Cissampelos pareira var. haenkeana (C.Presl) Diels, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV. 94 (Heft 46): 292. 1910.
Cissampelos pareira var. nephrophylla (Bojer) Diels, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV. 94 (Heft 46): 292(–293). 1910.
Cissampelos pareira var. mauritiana (Thouars) Diels, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV. 94 (Heft 46): 293. 1910.
Cissampelos pareira var. tamoides (Willd. ex DC.) Diels, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV. 94 (Heft 46): 293(–294). 1910.
Cissampelos pareira var. gardneri Diels, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV. 94 (Heft 46): 294. 1910. (as Gardneri)
Cissampelos pareira var. australis (A.St.Hil.) Diels, Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV. 94 (Heft 46): 294. 1910.
Cissampelos violifolia Rusby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 240. 1927. (as Cissampelos violaefolia)
Cissampelos cordata Ruiz ex J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(2): 684 1938, nom. inval. pro syn.

Misapplied names
Cissampelos cocculus sensu Poir., Encycl. 5: 9(–10). 1804, p.p., quoad descr. – non Cissampelos cocculus (L.) Poir., Encycl. 5: 9. 1804.

Homonym

Cissampelos parreira Vell., Fl. Flumin. Icon. 10: t. 138. 1827 [1831], nom. illeg. hom.

References
Primary references

Baillon, H. 1885. Liste des plantes de Madagascar. (Suite de la page 440.) Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Paris 1: 442–448, 453–456, 458–472, 475–480, 483–488, 491–496, 500–504, 508–512, 514–519, 541–544. BHL BHL BHL BHL BHL BHL BHL BHL BHL BHL Reference page.
Bentham, G. 1839–1857. Plantas Hartwegianas imprimis mexicanas adjectis nonnullis Grahamianis enumerat novasque describit Georgius Bentham. 393 pp. Londini [London]. BHL Reference page.
Kunth, C.S. 1821. Menispermeae. Juss. Pp. 51–53 in Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, C.S., Nova genera et species plantarum, quas in peregrinatione orbis novi collegerunt, descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bonpland et Alex. de Humboldt, Tomus 5 (folio ed.). N. Maze, Lutetiae Parisiorum [Paris]. e-rara.ch Reference page.
Kunth, C.S. 1821. Menispermeae. Juss. Pp. 66–68 in Humboldt, A., Bonpland, A. & Kunth, C.S., Nova genera et species plantarum, quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt, descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bonpland et Alex. de Humboldt, Tomus 5 (quarto ed.). N. Maze, Lutetiae Parisiorum [Paris]. BHL Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus II. Pp. 561–1200, [1–30, index], [1, err.]. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page.
Rusby, H.H. 1927. Descriptions of new genera and species of plants collected on the Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Valley, 1921–1922. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 7: 205–387. BHL Reference page.
Saint-Hilaire, A. de. 1824–1829. Flora Brasiliae meridionalis. Tomus 1. IV + 400 pp., tt. 1–82. A. Belin, Parisiis [Paris]. BHL Reference page.
Triana, J. & Planchon, J.E. 1862. Prodromus Florae Novo-Granatensis ou Énumération des plantes de la Nouvelle-Grenade, avec description des espèces nouvelles. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, série 4, 17: 6–190, 319–382, 18: 258–381. BHL BHL BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. 28. Family Menispermaceae. In Vines and climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 51: 311–316. BHL JSTOR PDF Reference page.
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. 2012. Menispermaceae. In Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 565–566. BHL Reference page.
Barneby, R.C. 2001. Menispermaceae. Pp. 554–578 in Steyermark, J.A., Berry, P.E., Yatskievych, K. & Holst, B.K. (eds.), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 6, Liliaceae–Myrsinaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 0-915279-81-9. Reference page.
Barneby, R.C. (†) & Hiepko, P. 2007. Menispermaceae. In Funk, V., Hollowell, T., Berry, P., Kelloff, C. & Alexander, S.N., Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 55: 420–422. BHL Reference page.
Calderón de Rzedowski, G. 1999. Menispermaceae. In Flora del Bajío, Fasc. 72. 13 pp. Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México. BHL PDF Reference page.
Correll, D.S. & Correll, H.B. 1982. Fam. 58. Menispermaceae DC. Pp. 528–530 in Flora of the Bahama Archipelago (including the Turks and Caicos Islands). J. Cramer, Lehre, Germany. (Reprinted 1996, A.R.G. Gantner, Vaduz, Liechtenstein.) Reference page.
Forman, L.L. 1968. The Menispermaceae of Malesia: V. Tribe Cocculeae Hook. f. & Thoms. Kew Bulletin 22: 349–374. JSTOR Reference page.
Forman, L.L. 1995. Menispermaceae. Pp. 301–319 in Dassanayake, M.D., Fosberg, F.R. (†) & Clayton, W.D. (eds.), A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. IX. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi. Reference page.
Fournet, J. 2002. 21. Menispermaceae. Pp. 157–160 in Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique, Tome 1, Nouv. éd. CIRAD, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier. ISBN 2-908490-26-9. Reference page.
Grierson, A.J.C. Family 47. Menispermaceae. Pp. 331–340 in Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. 1984. Flora of Bhutan: including a record of plants from Sikkim, Vol. 1, Part 2. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, ISBN 0-9504270-2-0. Reference page.
Jiménez, Q. 2007. Menispermaceae. Pp. 615–627 in Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.), Manual de plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. VI, Dicotiledóneas (Haloragaceae–Phytolaccaceae). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-930723-60-3. Reference page.
Liogier, A.H. 1983. Familia 78.— Menispermaceae. Pp. 243–249 in La Flora de la Española. II. Universidad Central del Este, San Pedro de Macorís, República Dominicana. Reference page.
Nicolson, D.H. 1991. Menispermaceae. In Flora of Dominica, Part 2: Dicotyledoneae. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 77: 156. BHL Reference page.
Ortiz, R. 2001. Menispermaceae DC. Pp. 1432–1442 in Stevens, W.D., Ulloa Ulloa, C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (eds.), Flora de Nicaragua, Vol. 2, Angiospermas (Fabaceae–Oxalidaceae). (Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Online Reference page.
Pérez Cueto, E. 1995. Menispermaceae. In Flora de Veracruz, Fasc. 87. 43 pp. Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz; University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. ISBN 968-7213-72-8. PDF Reference page.
Rhodes, D.G. 1962. Menispermaceae. In Woodson, R.E., Jr., Schery, R.W. & collaborators, Flora of Panama, Part IV, Fascicle 5. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 49: 157–172. BHL Reference page.
Rhodes, D.G. 1975. A revision of the genus Cissampelos. Phytologia 30: 415–484. BHL Reference page.
Rhodes, D.G. 1997. 18. Menispermaceae Jussieu. Pp. 295–299 in Flora of North America, Vol. 3, Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-511246-6. Online Reference page.
Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A. 1946. Menispermaceae. In Flora of Guatemala – Part IV. Fieldiana: Botany 24(4): 258–266. BHL Reference page.
Thulin, M. 1993. 16. Menispermaceae. Pp. 25–28 in Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1, Pteridophyta; Gymnospermae; Angiospermae (Annonaceae–Fabaceae). Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. ISBN 0-947643-55-9. Reference page.
Troupin, G. 1960. 7. Menispermaceae. Pp. 150–171 in Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.), Flora Zambesiaca, Vol. 1, part 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. Online Reference page.

Links

International Plant Names Index. 2019. Cissampelos pareira. Published online. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Cissampelos pareira.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Cissampelos pareira in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2019-03-30.
Hassler, M. 2019. Cissampelos pareira. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 March 30. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2019. Cissampelos pareira. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
Tropicos.org: Flora Mesoamericana: Cissampelos pareira. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
Cissampelos pareira in Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of the Department of Antioquia (Colombia): Cissampelos pareira. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: Cissampelos pareira. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
Tropicos.org: Peru Checklist: Cissampelos pareira. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
Tropicos.org: Bolivia Catalogue: Cissampelos pareira. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
Cissampelos pareira in Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
Cissampelos pareira in Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
African Plants Database (version 3.4.0). Cissampelos pareira. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Accessed: 30 March 2019.
Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar: Cissampelos pareira. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 30 March 2019.

Note:
The name Cissampelos pareira has also been applied to Cissampelos mucronata, Cissampelos owariensis, and Pericampylus glaucus.

Cissampelos pareira (velvetleaf)[1] is a species of flowering plant in the family Menispermaceae.

Morphology

It is a slender tomentose climber. The leaves are peltate, 2.5–12 cm long, 2.5–11.5 cm broad, triangularly broad-ovate, or orbicular, obtuse, mucronate, base cordate or truncate, ± tomentose on both sides; petiole pubescent. Flowers are small in size, pedicels filiform. Male flowers clustered in the axil of a small leaf; sepals are 4 in number, obovate-oblong, hairy outside; petals 4 in number, united to form a 4-toothed cup, hairy outside; stamens 4, column short, anthers connate, encircling the top of the column. Female flowers clustered in the axils of orbicular, hoary imbricate bracts, on 5–10 cm long racemes; sepal 1, petal 1; carpel 1, densely hairy; style shortly 3-fid. Drupe 4–6 mm long, 3–4 mm broad, subglobose, compressed, hairy-pubescent, red when fresh, black when dry, endocarp transversely ribbed, tuberculate. Seeds are horseshoe-shaped.[2]
Medicinal uses
Leaves

Cissampelos pareira is used in Chinese herbology, where it is called xí shēng téng (Chinese: 锡生藤) or yà hū nú (Chinese: 亞乎奴). The species is also known as abuta and called laghu patha in Ayurvedic medicine. In Tamil Nadu it is called ponmusutai and it is used for a number of medicinal purposes.

Some attention has been paid to it in Kenya, Tanzania, and other places for its purported antimalarial properties in particular,[3][4] as well as in India for its antiviral properties, especially against Dengue virus.[5]
See also

Chinese herbology

References

"Cissampelos pareira". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2008-02-05.
"Velvetleaf - Encyclopedia of Life".
Muthaura, C.N.; Rukunga, G.M.; Chhabra, S.C.; Mungai, G.M.; Njagi, E.N.M. (2007). "Traditional phytotherapy of some remedies used in treatment of malaria in Meru district of Kenya". South African Journal of Botany. 73 (3): 402–411. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2007.03.004.
Taylor, Leslie (1996). "Tropical Plant Database entry for: ABUTA – Cissampelos pareira". www.rain-tree.com. Retrieved 2014-07-22.
Beasley, David W.C.; Sood, Ruchi; Raut, Rajendra; Tyagi, Poornima; Pareek, Pawan Kumar; Barman, Tarani Kanta; Singhal, Smita; Shirumalla, Raj Kumar; Kanoje, Vijay; Subbarayan, Ramesh; Rajerethinam, Ravisankar; Sharma, Navin; Kanaujia, Anil; Shukla, Gyanesh; Gupta, Y. K.; Katiyar, Chandra K.; Bhatnagar, Pradip K.; Upadhyay, Dilip J.; Swaminathan, Sathyamangalam; Khanna, Navin (2015). "Cissampelos pareira Linn: Natural Source of Potent Antiviral Activity against All Four Dengue Virus Serotypes". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 9 (12): e0004255. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004255. PMC 4692392. PMID 26709822.