Euphorbia lamarckii

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Euphorbioideae
Tribus: Euphorbieae
Subtribus: Euphorbiinae
Genus: Euphorbia
Subgenus: E. subg. Esula
Sectio: E. sect. Aphyllis
Subsectio: E. subsect. Macaronesicae
Species: Euphorbia lamarckii
Name

Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet, Hort. Suburb. Lond.: 107. 1818.
Synonyms

Homotypic
Euphorbia obtusifolia Poir. in Lam., Encycl., Suppl. 2: 609. 1812, nom. illeg.
Euphorbia virgata Desf., Tabl. École Bot.: 204. 1804, nom. illeg.
Tirucalia virgata (Haw.) P.V.Heath, Calyx 5: 93. 1996.
Tithymalus obtusifolius Klotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 74. 1860.
Tithymalus virgatus Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 139. 1812.

Heterotypic
Euphorbia broussonetii Willd. ex Link in C.L.von Buch, Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins.: 158. 1828.
Euphorbia obtusifolia var. wildpretii Molero & Rovira, Taxon 47: 325. 1998.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa
Regional: Macaronesia
Canary Is. (Tenerife, NW. La Gomera, La Palma, El Hierro)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Sweet, R. 1818. Hortus suburbanus Londinensis, or, A catalogue of plants cultivated in the neighborhood of London .... 242 pp. London. BHL Reference page. : 107.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2015. Euphorbia lamarckii in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2015 Feb 10. Reference page. 
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Euphorbia lamarckii. Published online. Accessed: Jul 02 2020.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Euphorbia lamarckii in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jul 02. Reference page. 
Tropicos.org 2020. Euphorbia lamarckii. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 02 Jul 2020.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Euphorbia lamarckii in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names

Euphorbia lamarckii is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to the western Canary Islands (Tenerife, north-western La Gomera, La Palma and El Hierro).[1] It resembles Euphorbia regis-jubae, with which it has been confused. Both have been called Euphorbia obtusifolia.

Description

Euphorbia lamarckii resembles Euphorbia regis-jubae; their distributions do not overlap. It is a shrub up to 2 m (7 ft) tall, with light brown stems, undivided leaves and small yellowish-green floral bracts. The inflorescence is usually a compound umbel. The elaiosome (caruncle) attached to a seed is sessile or has only a very short stalk.[2] It differs from other Canary Island species of Euphorbia in the shape of the compound, umbel-like inflorescences, that are yellow-greenish in colour, and by the floral bracts falling off before the fruit ripens.[3]

Taxonomy

Euphorbia lamarckii was first described by Robert Sweet in 1818. It is considered to be synonymous with E. obtusifolia Poir. and E. broussonetii,[1] but not with E. obtusifolia Lam.[4] There has been considerable confusion over the scientific name to be used for one of the more common species of "tabaiba" found in the Canary Islands.[5][3] Much of the literature used the name E. obtusifolia Poir., based its publication by Jean Poiret in 1812. However, the name had already been used in a different context by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1788, so Poiret's name is illegitimate. A proposal to conserve the name Euphorbia obtusifolia Poir., in view of its widespread use, was rejected in 2000. Although the name Euphorbia broussonetii has been used (and defended) by some sources,[6] the earliest, and hence correct, name is considered to be Euphorbia lamarckii.[1][5][3]

An additional complication is that the name Euphorbia obtusifolia has been used "indiscriminately" for two species found in the Canary Islands: the western species, now called E. lamarckii, and the eastern species Euphorbia regis-jubae. In 2003, David Bramwell listed seven publications from 1847 to 1993 that gave the wrong names or the wrong distributions for these species.[6]
Varieties

Julián Molero and Ann Maria Rovira recognize two varieties:[5]

Euphorbia lamarckii var. lamarckii (syns E. virgata, E. obtusifolia Poir.) – only found in southern Tenerife
Euphorbia lamarckii var. broussonetii (Willd. ex Link) Molero & Rovira (syns E. broussonetii, E. dendroides var. broussonetii, E. obtusifolia Poir. var. wildpretii) – found everywhere else, including north Tenerife

The varieties differ in that var. broussonettii has broader leaves with a more rounded tip, and the outermost bracts have a less pointed apex with a shorter point (mucro).[5]
Distribution

Euphorbia lamarckii is native to the western Canary Islands: Tenerife, north-west La Gomera, La Palma and El Hierro.[1] Its distribution does not overlap with Euphorbia regis-jubae, which is found in the eastern islands: Gran Canaria, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura.[6]
References

"Euphorbia lamarckii", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2018-01-27
Bramwell, David & Bramwell, Zoë (2001), Wild Flowers of the Canary Islands (2nd ed.), Madrid: Editorial Rueda, pp. 208–209, ISBN 978-84-7207-129-2 (as E. broussonetii)
González, Manuel Luis Gil (2018), "Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet", Flora Vascular de Canarias, retrieved 2018-01-29
"Euphorbia obtusifolia Lam.", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2018-01-29
Molero, Julián & Rovira, Anna Maria (2004), "Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet, correct name for E. obtusifolia Poir. non Lam." (PDF), Vieraea, 32: 117–122, retrieved 2018-01-29
Bramwell, David (2003), "Observations on a proposal to conserve the name Euphorbia obtusifolia Poiret.", Botánica Macaronésica (24): 143–147, retrieved 2018-01-29