Gordonia

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Ordo: Ericales

Familia: Theaceae
Tribus: Gordonieae
Genus: Gordonia
Species: G. alpestris – G. angustifolia – G. barbinervis – G. benitoensis – G. brenesii – G. coriacea – G. cristalensis – G. curtyana – G. cymatoneura – G. ekmanii – G. fruticosa – G. glabrata – G. haematoxylon – G. lasianthus – G. macrobracteata – G. moaensis – G. obtusa – G. ovalis – G. penangensis – G. portoricensis – G. reticularis – G. robusta – G. samuelssonii – G. singaporiana – G. spathulata – G. urbanii – G. villosa – G. wawoniensis – G. wrightii
Name

Gordonia J.Ellis (1771), nom. cons.

Type species: G. lasianthus (L.) J.Ellis

Synonyms

Homotypic
Lasianthus Adans., Fam. 2: 398, 568. 1763, nom. rej. non Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae).
Heterotypic
Haemocharis Salisb. ex Mart. & Zucc.
Laplacea Kunth
Lindleya Nees non Lindleya Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 6: 239 (ed. qto.); 188 (ed. fol.) (1824), nom. cons. vs. Lindleya Nees 21 May 1821 nom. rej. (Malvaceae)
Michauxia Salisb. non Michauxia L'Hér., 1788. Michauxia: 1 nom. cons. (Campanulaceae)
Wikstroemia Schrad. non Wikstroemia Endl. (1833) (Thymelaeaceae)

References

Ellis, J. 1771. Philos. Trans. 60: 520.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page. Treats Polyspora separately from Gordonia.
Flora of China (draft) Theaceae. Treats Polyspora separately from Gordonia.

Gordonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae, related to Franklinia, Camellia and Stewartia. Of the roughly 40 species, all but two are native to southeast Asia in southern China, Taiwan and Indochina. The remaining species, G. lasianthus (Loblolly-bay), is native to southeast North America, from Virginia south to Florida and west to Louisiana; G. fruticosa is native to the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, from Costa Rica to Brazil.

They are evergreen trees, growing to 10–20 m tall. The bark is thick and deeply fissured. The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, serrated, thick, leathery, glossy, and 6–18 cm long. The flowers are large and conspicuous, 4–15 cm diameter, with 5 (occasionally 6-8) white petals; flowering is in late winter or early spring. The fruit is a dry five-valved capsule, with 1-4 seeds in each section.

The species are adapted to acidic soils, and do not grow well on chalk or other calcium-rich soils. They also have a high rainfall requirement and will not tolerate drought.

Some botanists include Franklinia within Gordonia, even though recent phylogenetic studies show that Franklinia's closest living relationship is with the Asian genera Schima and not Gordonia;[1] it differs in being deciduous and flowering in late summer, not late winter. The draft Flora of China account of Theaceae in China splits Gordonia into two genera, with G. lasianthus retained in Gordonia, and the Asian species transferred to Polyspora; this treatment is not yet widely accepted. Gordonia chrysandra may have anti-inflammatory medicinal properties.[2]

Species

There are about 40 species, including:

Gordonia anomala
Gordonia balansae
Gordonia ceylanica
Gordonia curtyana
Gordonia fruticosa
Gordonia hirta
Gordonia hirtella
Gordonia javanica
Gordonia lasianthus
Gordonia maingayi
Gordonia multinervis
Gordonia penangensis
Gordonia scortechinii
Gordonia shimidae
Gordonia sinensis
Gordonia singaporeana
Gordonia speciosa
Gordonia tagawae
Gordonia taipingensis
Gordonia villosa
Gordonia wallichii
Gordonia yunnanensis

Gordonia species from East Asia were transferred to Polyspora, including:[3]

Polyspora acuminata
Polyspora axillaris
Polyspora chrysandra
Polyspora hainanensis
Polyspora kwangsiensis
Polyspora longicarpa
Polyspora tiantangensis
Polyspora tonkinensis

Cultivation and uses

Several species of Gordonia are grown as ornamental plants for their flowers produced in winter when few other trees are in flower. They are however difficult to grow compared to the similar but generally smaller-growing camellias.
References

Prince, L. M. and C. R. Parks. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Theaceae inferred from Chloroplast DNA sequence data. Am. J. Bot. 88: 2309-2320.
CJ, Yang JZ, Shen ZF, Zhang DMFu HZ, Li.,"Potential Anti-inflammatory Constituents of the Stems of Gordonia chrysandra." J Nat Prod. 2011 Apr 7;
"Taxonomic Treatment of Chinese Polyspora Sweet(Theaceae)" (PDF). Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany. 中国科学院华南植物园. Retrieved 2009-02-13.[permanent dead link]