Loranthaceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Orthokaryota
Cladus: Neokaryota
Cladus: Photokaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: CAM
Regnum*: Archaeplastida
Regnum: Plantae
Regnum*: Viridiplantae
Cladus: Streptophyta
Cladus: Phragmoplastophyta
Cladus: Embryophyta
Cladus: Polysporangiophyta
Divisio*: Tracheophyta
Cladus: Eutracheophyta
Cladus: Euphyllophytina
Cladus: Megaphylla
Cladus: Radiatopses
Cladus: Lignophyta
Cladus: Metalignophyta
Diviso*: Spermatophyta
Classis*: Angiospermae
Cladus: Mesangiospermae
Cladus: Eudicota
Cladus: Core eudicots
Ordo: Santalales

Familia: Loranthaceae
Tribus: Elytrantheae – Gaiadendreae – Lorantheae – Nuytsieae – Psittacantheae

Genera: Actinanthella – Aetanthus – Agelanthus – Alepis – Amyema – Amylotheca – Atkinsonia – Bakerella – Baratranthus – Benthamina – Berhautia – Cecarria – Cladocolea – Cyne – Dactyliophora – Decaisnina – Dendropemon – Dendrophthoe – Desmaria – Diplatia – Distrianthes – Elytranthe – Emelianthe – Englerina – Erianthemum – Gaiadendron – Globimetula – Helicanthes – Helixanthera – Ileostylus – Kingella – Lampas – Lepeostegeres – Lepidaria – Ligaria – Loranthus – Loxanthera – Lysiana – Macrosolen – Maracanthus – Moquiniella – Muellerina – Notanthera – Nuytsia – Oedina – Oliverella – Oncella – Oncocalyx – Oryctanthus – Oryctina – Panamanthus – Papuanthes – Passovia – Pedistylis – Peraxilla – Peristethium – Phragmanthera – Phrygilanthus – Phthirusa – Plicosepalus – Psittacanthus – Pusillanthus – Scurrula – Septulina – Socratina – Sogerianthe – Spragueanella – Struthanthus – Tapinanthus – Taxillus – Thaumasianthes – Tolypanthus – Tripodanthus – Tristerix – Trithecanthera – Tupeia – Vanwykia

Paleogenera: †Trilepidea
Name

Loranthaceae Juss. Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 12: 292. (1808)

Type genus: Loranthus Jacq., Enum. Stirp. Vindob. 55 (230). (1762) nom. cons.

References

de Jussieu, A.L., Annales du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 12: 292 (1808) (as "Loranthae") nom. cons. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2019. Loranthaceae. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 10. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Loranthaceae. Published online. Accessed: January 9 2018.
Nickrent, D.L., Malécot, V., Vidal-Russell, R. & Der, J.P. 2010. A revised classification of Santalales. Taxon 59(2): 538–558. DOI: 10.1002/tax.592019 JSTOR PDF. Reference page.
Nickrent, D.L., Anderson, F. & Kuijt, J. 2019. Inflorescence evolution in Santalales: integrating morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics. American Journal of Botany 106(3): 402-414. DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1250 PDF Reference page.

Links

GBIF: Loranthaceae
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Loranthaceae Juss., nom. cons. in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2018-01-09.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Loranthaceae in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 10. Reference page.
Loranthaceae – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Loranthaceae – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Tropicos.org 2018. Loranthaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 January 12.
Nickrent, D.L. 1997-2019. The Parasitic Plant Connection, Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Online. Reference page.
Flora Malesianaː Loranthaceae. Accessed 22 February 2018.
Barlow, B.A. 1997. Loranthaceae. Flora Malesiana - Series 1, Spermatophyta 13(1): 209-401. URL PDF Reference page.
EFlora Indiaː Loranthaceae. Accessed 28 February 2018.
Flora of Australia onlineː Loranthaceae. Data derived from Flora of Australia, Vol 22 (1984). Accessed 12 March 2018.

Vernacular names
Afrikaans: Voëlente
العربية: إسارية
azərbaycanca: Bağamburckimilər
беларуская: Рэменякветкавыя
català: Lorantàcies
čeština: Ochmetovité
Deutsch: Riemenblumengewächse
English: Showy-mistletoe family
Esperanto: Lorantacoj
español: Quintral o Cutral
فارسی: موخوره‌ایان
עברית: הרנוגיים
hrvatski: Ljepkovke
hornjoserbsce: Rjemjenicowe rostliny
magyar: Fakínfélék
ქართული: ფითრისებრნი
қазақша: Белдікгүлділер тұқымдасы
한국어: 꼬리겨우살이과
മലയാളം: ലൊറാന്തേസീ
polski: Gązewnikowate
português: Erva-de-passarinho, Enxerto-de-passarinho, Guirarepoti
русский: Ремнецветниковые
svenska: Mistelväxter
ไทย: วงศ์กาฝาก
Tiếng Việt: Họ Tầm gửi
中文: 桑寄生科

Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants.[2][3] It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are Nuytsia floribunda (the Western Australian Christmas tree), Atkinsonia ligustrina (from the Blue Mountains of Australia), and Gaiadendron punctatum (from Central/South America.) Loranthaceae are primarily xylem parasites, but their haustoria may sometimes tap the phloem,[4] while Tristerix aphyllus is almost holoparasitic.[5] For a more complete description of the Australian Loranthaceae, see Flora of Australia online.,[2] for the Malesian Loranthaceae see Flora of Malesia.

Originally, Loranthaceae contained all mistletoe species, but the mistletoes of Europe and North America (Viscum, Arceuthobium, and Phoradendron) belong to the family Santalaceae. The APG II system 2003 assigns the family to the order Santalales in the clade core eudicots.

Phylogeny

Molecular phylogenetics suggests the following relationships of tribes, subtribes and genera:[6][7][8][9] Nuytsia is sister to the rest the Loranthaceae,[10] with many characters, including its pollen, its fruit (dry and three winged), and the number of its cotyledons, differing substantially from all other Loranthaceae genera.[5] The root parasitic habit is thought to be the basal condition of the family.,[5] with the stem/branch parasitic habit evolving ca. 28-40 million years ago.[5][11] However, Grimsson et al. (2017)[12] estimate this as occurring somewhat earlier (ca. 40-52 million years ago).
 
 

Remaining Santalales   Loranthaceae   Nuytsieae   Nuytsia     Gaiadendreae   Atkinsonia     Gaiadendron     Elytrantheae   Alepis     Amylotheca     Cyne     Decaisnina     Elytranthe     Lampas     Lepeostegeres     Lepidaria     Loxanthera     Lysiana     Macrosolen     Peraxilla     Trilepidea     Thaumasianthes     Psittacantheae Tupeinae   Tupeia     Notantherinae   Desmaria     Notanthera     Ligarinae   Ligaria     Tristerix     Psittacanthinae   Aetanthus     Cladocolea     Dendropemon     Maracanthus     Oryctanthus     Oryctina     Panamanthus     Passovia     Peristethium     Phthirusa     Psittacanthus     Struthanthus     Tripodanthus       Lorantheae   Ileostylinae   Ileostylus     Muellerina     Loranthinae   Cecarria     Loranthus     Amyeminae   Amyema     Baratranthus     Benthamina     Dactyliophora     Diplatia     Distrianthes     Helicanthes     Papuanthes     Sogerianthe     Scurrilinae   Scurrula     Taxillus     Dendrophthoinae   Dendrophthoe     Helixanthera     Tolypanthus     Trithecanthera     Emelianthinae   Emelianthe     Erianthemum     Globimetula     Moquiniella     Oliverella     Phragmanthera     Spragueanella     Tapinanthinae   Actinanthella     Agelanthus     Bakerella     Berhautia     Englerina     Oedina     Oncella     Oncocalyx     Pedistylis     Plicosepalus     Septulina     Socratina     Tapinanthus     Vanwykia

 
 
 
 
Genera

Actinanthella
Aetanthus
Agelanthus
Alepis
Amyema
Amylotheca
Atkinsonia
Bakerella
Baratranthus
Benthamina
Berhautia
Cecarria
Cladocolea
Cyne
Dactyliophora
Decaisnina
Dendropemon
Dendrophthoe
Desmaria
Diplatia
Distrianthes
Elytranthe
Emelianthe
Englerina
Erianthemum
Gaiadendron
Globimetula
Helicanthes
Helixanthera
Ileostylus
Ixocactus
Kingella
Lampas
Lepeostegeres
Lepidaria
Ligaria
Loranthus
Loxanthera
Lysiana
Macrosolen[13]
Moquiniella
Muellerina
Notanthera
Nuytsia
Oliverella
Oncella
Oncocalyx
Oryctanthus
Oryctina
Panamanthus
Papuanthes
Pedistylis
Peraxilla
Phragmanthera
Phthirusa
Plicosepalus
Psittacanthus
Pusillanthus
Scurrula
Septulina
Socratina
Sogerianthe
Spragueanella
Struthanthus
Tapinanthus
Taxillus
Tetradyas
Thaumasianthes
Tolypanthus
Trilepidea
Tripodanthus
Tristerix
Trithecanthera
Tupeia
Vanwykia

See also

Parasitic plant

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
Barlow, B.A. "Flora of Australia online: Loranthaceae". Data derived from Flora of Australia Volume 1984 Vol 22, ABRS, ©Commonwealth of AustraliaAccessed 1 April 2018
Kuijt, Job; Hansen, Bertel (2015). Flowering Plants. Eudicots. Santalales, Balanophorales. Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09296-6. ISBN 978-3-319-09295-9.
Barlow, B.A. 1997. "Loranthaceae. Pp. 209-401 (pdf)"., in Kalkman C., et al. (eds.), Flora malesiana. Ser. 1, vol. 13. Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, Leiden.
Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]". Accessed 12 February 2018.
Der, J.P., Nickrent, D.L. 2008. A molecular phylogeny of Santalaceae (Santalales). Systematic Botany 33: 107-116."(pdf)". doi:10.1600/036364408783887438
Vidal-Russell, R., Nickrent, D.L. 2008. Evolutionary relationships in the showy mistletoe family (Loranthaceae). American Journal of Botany 95: 1015-1029."(pdf)" (PDF).doi:10.3732/ajb.0800085
Malecot, V, Nickrent, D.L. 2008. Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships of Olacaceae and Related Santalales. Systematic Botany 33, 97-106."(pdf)" (PDF).doi:10.1600/036364408783887384
Amico, G.C., Vidal-Russell, R., Garcia, M.A., Nickrent, D.L. 2012. "Evolutionary History of the South American Mistletoe Tripodanthus (Loranthaceae) Using Nuclear and Plastid Markers". January 2012.. Systematic Botany 37: 218-225
Vidal-Russell, R., & Nickrent, D.L. 2005. "A molecular phylogeny of the mistletoe family Loranthaceae." Pp. 131-132, in Botany 2005. Learning from Plants.
Vidal-Russell, R., & Nickrent, D.L. 2008. The first mistletoes: Origin of aerial parasitism in Santalales. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 47: 523-537."(pdf)" (PDF).doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.016
Grímsson, F., Kapli, P., Hofmann, C.-C., Zetter, R., & Grimm, G.W. 2017. Eocene Loranthaceae pollen pushes back divergence ages for major splits in the family.// PeerJ 5:e3373. doi:10.7717/peerj.3373
Macrosolen at The Plant List